بررسي مولفه هاي موثر بر حس مكان در توسعه طبيعت گردي ساحلي جزاير جنوبي ايران (مطالعه موردي: جزيره هندورابي)

Development of Coastal Ecotourism in Southern Islands of Iran (Case Study: Hendurabi Island)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺟﺰاﯾﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﮐﯿﺶ و ﻗﺸﻢ و اﺧﯿﺮا ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺑﯿﺖ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاران ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺰاﯾﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﮐﯿﺶ و ﻗﺸﻢ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺎﻗﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎ دو ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﻘﺪان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ و ﻋﺪم آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ از اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت آﺳﯿﺐ رﺳﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺲ ﻣﮑﺎن در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺟﺰاﯾﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮردي: ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺲ ﻣﮑﺎن ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان )ﻋﯿﻨﯽ- ذﻫﻨﯽ( ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي، ادراﮐﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﻮرﯾﺴﻢ در ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 150 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﮐﯿﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي T و آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪل از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار AMOS، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/759، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/659 و ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/693 ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺰء ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ را داراﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦﺷﺪه را دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﻫﻨﯽ از ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﻮرﯾﺴﻢ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﻮن t ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺲ ﻣﮑﺎن ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن T در ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ رﺿﺎﯾﺖﻣﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻗﺎﻣﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮز ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: The attractive potential for tourism in the southern islands of Iran, Kish and Qeshm and recently Hendurabi, are becoming more and more popular and object of increased attention from the investors. The Iranian coral reef islands, with the exception of Kish and Qeshm, have not undergone sufficient development. The southern islands of Iran have faced two problems with climate change and the desire for the presence of tourists. The lack of proper planning, inefficient management, and lack of adequate knowledge of ecosystems of offshore regions have severely damaged the world natural heritage. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between tourism in coastal ecotourism development and the factors affecting the sense of place. Method: Through qualitative research, this paper was used of library studies and field studies and surveying to study the tourists' sense of place (objective-subjective) of ecotourism development in Honduran Island. Using SPSS software and descriptive-analytical method was shown the results. The survey was conducted with the participation of 150 tourists on Kish islands, who were chosen at random and who expressed their desire to travel to Hendurabi Island. Information was gathered using SPSS software and unic statistical T test and Friedman test. Findings: Using factor analysis method and model fitting indexes through AMOS software, Accessibility Facility and Services factor with coefficient 0.759 and environmental quality with coefficient 0.695 and and Climate considerations with coefficient 0.693 which all three components are considered as objective indicators, It has the most factor load and also has the most explained variance according to the analytical model. Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that objective factors have a greater impact on the development of coastal ecotourism in Hendurabi Island than subjective factors. Finally, based on the results of a single sample T test, in all components of tourists' sense of place, significance of T-test in all components was significant and as a result, it can be said that the satisfaction of tourists from the Hendurabi Resident's Set has been significantly higher than the average.