ﺳﻨﺘﺰ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻮزﯾﺖ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﭘﻠﯽاورﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻠﻮلﺑﺎز- اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺮه در ﮔﻨﺪزداﯾﯽ آب

Synthesis and Investigation of Open Cell Polyurethane Sponge- Silver Oxide Nanocomposite Efficacy in Water Disinfection

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﺎراﻣﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ روشﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﯿﮑﺮوب زداﯾﯽ و ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ آب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺮه در ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﭘﻠﯽاورﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻠﻮلﺑﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻮزﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﺿﺪﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ روﺷﯽ ﮐﺎرا در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ و ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ آب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺮه داﺧﻞ ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﭘﻠﯽ اورﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎز ﭘﺨﺶ و در اداﻣﻪ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﭘﻠﯽاورﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎروش One-shot ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﭘﻠﯽاورﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﻨﺪزداﯾﯽ آب ﺑﺎ روش "ﺷﻤﺎرش ﮐﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎ" )ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي آب آﻟﻮده ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﻧﯿﻢ ﻣﮏ ﻓﺎرﻟﻨﺪ )CFU/ml 1/5×108( رﻗﯿﻖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮم ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ )2:1( از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﮐﻠﯽ و اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آب آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﻮاص ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ روﺑﺸﯽ)SEM( و ﻃﯿﻒ ﻣﺎدون ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻓﻮرﯾﻪ)FT-IR( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺪﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻮزﯾﺖ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺿﺪﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ و اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس دارد. ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻃﻮر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ، ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻮزﯾﺖ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﺲ از 6 و 8 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس ارﺋﻮس و اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از 6 و 8 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺷﻤﺎره95، ﺗﯿﺮ ﻣﺎه 99 اﺷﺠﺎري ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻨﺞ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻮزﯾﺖ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس ارﺋﻮس و اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آب آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 100 ) t6= 0*106CFU/ml ,t0= 50*106 CFU/ml( و 30 ) t0= 50*106 CFU/ml, t8= 35*106CFU/ml( درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﻔﻨﺞﻫﺎ و ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي آنﻫﺎ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ آب ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻢﮔﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داروﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺑﺮﻫﻢﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دﯾﻮاره ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ دﯾﻮاره ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎ را ازﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ.

Background and Objective: The use of nanotechnology is one of the most important and effective methods for microbial enumeration and water treatment. Dispersing the silver oxide nanoparticles in different polymer matrixes (in particular, open cell polyurethane sponge matrixes) can be an efficient way in the water treatment and microbial enumeration. Method: In the present study, the silver oxide nanoparticles were dispersed into the open cell polyurethane sponge raw materials and then, the polyurethane sponge was synthesized using a One-shot method. In addition, the usability of synthesized polyurethane sponge as an antibacterial agent for water disinfection was investigated by using "plate counting" (reducing the bacteria number in contaminated water over time) method. Also the 0.5 McFarland (1.5*108 CFU/ml) suspensions diluted with biomass serum (1:2) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as contaminated water. Ultimately, the structural properties of synthetic sponges were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Findings: The end of 12 hours has been recognized the antimicrobial activities of the prepared sponges against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus are acceptable. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the prepared sponges against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus are acceptable. The results also showed that nanocomposite in certain conditions after 6 and 8 hours prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. So that after 6 and 8 hours contact with the nanocomposite, the number of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in contaminated water was reduced by 100% (t0=50*106 CFU/ml, t6=0*106CFU/ml) and 30% (t0=50*106 CFU/ml, t8=35*106CFU/ml), respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Development and utilization of antimicrobial sponges in water treatment processes can reduce the use of chemical agents to infection control. Silver oxide nanoparticles, due to the high surface-to-volume ratio and interactions with the bacterial cell walls, cause damage to the bacterial cell walls and destroy the cellular structure of the bacteria.