شناسايي و رتبه‌بندي بخش‌هاي اقتصادي مخرب محيط‌ زيست بر اساس ميزان نشرگازهاي گلخانه‌اي با رويكرد آنتروپي شانون- ويكور (مورد مطالعه: ايران در سال هاي 1388-1391)

Identifying and Ranking Environmental Destructive Economic Sectors Based on the Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission by Shannon Entropy -VIKOR Approach (Case study: Iran: 1388-1392)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺘﺸﺎر آﻻﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﯽ در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺨﺮب ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ، ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻮﮐﺴﯿﺪ، ﮔﺎز ﻣﺘﺎن، اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوس، اﮐﺴﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ذرات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ، دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد و ﺗﺮي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ : در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺮور ادﺑﯿﺎت و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ داده ﻫﺎي 5 ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﺎر اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن وزن ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش وﯾﮑﻮر و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار MATLAB، آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎز دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺎ وزن 0/3 داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي آﻻﯾﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از روش وﯾﮑﻮر، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي، وﯾﮑﻮر و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺄﺳﻒ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي را در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه اي در اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋه اي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﺒﺰ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري در ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدن زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮري را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راه ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮد.

Background and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector.