پهنه‌بندي اقليمي چغندرقند بر اساس خصوصيات خاك و عوامل اقليمي (مطالعه موردي: استان آذربايجان شرقي)

Agroecological Zoning of Sugar Beet Cultivation Based on Soil Nutrients and Climatic Conditions (Case Study: East Azarbayjan Province)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺪون رﺷﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ را ﻣﯽﻃﻠﺒﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از)ArcGis( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ)ﻣﻪ ﺗﺎ اﮐﺘﺒﺮ(، دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، دﻣﺎي ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ، ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﻃﻮل روز، روز ﺑﺪون ﯾﺦﺑﻨﺪان، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻋﻤﻖ ﺧﺎك، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﯿﺎز روﯾﺸﯽ)ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب( ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ، ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮي از داده ﻫﺎ ارزشﮔﺬاري و ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﺒﺮده ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرش ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در روش ﻫﻢﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دﻣﺎ و ﺑﺎرش ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ را اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎرش ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه اﯾﻦ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮام در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ در ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد.

Background and Objective: At present, agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors of the country and that it can be said that economic growth is not possible without agricultural growth. Each agricultural product requires specific climatic and environmental conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental capabilities of East Azarbaijan province for growing sugar beet (ArcGis). Methodology: The data have been studied in consist of annual precipitation and raining of growth duration, temperature, evaporation, relative humidity, sunny hours, number days without freezing and hence height, slope, direction and depth of soil. The used of suitable ecological condition of sugar beet cultivation, production information layers and each series of data were valued and classificated that combined by GIS area and analysed with using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (ranking, rating and analytic hierarchy process). Findings: The results showed that the environmental capability of sugar beet cultivation plays an important role in the province of East Azarbaijan, and the factors affecting the climatic factors play an important role. It should be noted that in the overlapping method, temperature and precipitation factors play the most important role. Particularly, the role of precipitation is the highest. Discussion and Conclusion: The final results show the fact that climatic elements and factors Together, they play an effective role in the process of assessing the environmental capabilities of sugar beet cultivation. The share of each of the climatic elements and factors during the growing period of the studied crop is not the same. By adapting the effective layers in the sugar beet planting process in GIS environment, it is possible to identify suitable areas for planting this crop. Key words: Sugar Beet, Climate, Multi Criteria Analysis, East Azarbaijan Province