تعيين اكوريژن هاي سواحل جنوبي ايران با استفاده از سامانه GIS به عنوان مبناي تعيين مناطق تحت حفاظت ساحلي-دريايي

Determination of Ecoregions of Iran’s Southern Coasts as a Basis to Determine Coastal-Marine Protected Areas Using GIS System

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ-درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻣﻌﺮف رو ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از آنﻫﺎ، اﮐﻮرﯾﮋن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﮐﻮرﯾﮋنﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﮐﻮرﯾﮋنﻫﺎي ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎ و ﭘﯿﺶ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ-درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﮐﻮرﯾﮋنﻫﺎي ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس، ﺗﻨﮕﻪ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ و درﯾﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪ و ﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻄﺤﯽ آب، ﻋﻤﻖ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ داده ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﮐﺸﻮري، ﻣﺮز و ﻣﺤﺪوه ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ اﮐﻮرﯾﮋنﻫﺎي ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ، در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان 5 اﮐﻮرﯾﮋن در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﮐﺮاﻧﻪاي ﭼﻬﺎر اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺣﺪود اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ و ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ- درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد.

Background and Objective: In recent years, there is an increasing attention to homogenous representative areas to develop a network of coastal-marine protected areas. One of the current common systems is an ecoregion approach. The aim of this study was to determine ecoregions of southern coasts of Iran as a basis and prerequisite to develop coastal-marine protected areas according to global new procedures. Materials and methods: A survey to recognize the ecoregions of southern coastlines of Iran in Persian Gulf, strait of Hormoz and Oman Sea was done according to international valid and common criteria. Criteria used in this study were determined in the field of biogeography according to the related literatures in this field, and three criteria of surface sea temperature, depth and surface currents were set as the base criteria. The maps of determined criteria were overlapped with the help of ArcGIS. After that, identified areas were controlled with country divisions, and then final boundaries and limitations of southern coast’s ecoregions were separated. Results: Results showed that, in Iran’s southern coast, five ecoregions can be recognized. Discussion: This classification, which is the first one in Iran, can be a basis and a step to select coastal-marine protected areas and a model for ecological surveys