بررسي شاخص‌هاي تنوع زيستي پرندگان در بوستان‌هاي شهر تهران (مطالعه موردي بوستان‌هاي جمشيديه، ملت، قائم و شهر)

Study of Bird Biodiversity Indices in Tehran Gardens (Case Study: Jamshidieh, Mellat, Ghaem and Shahr)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر درك ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎ اﺻﻼح آن ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻨﺎ، ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ، ﻣﻠﺖ، ﺟﻤﺸﯿﺪﯾﻪ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي اﺳﻔﻨﺪ 95 ﺗﺎ ﺗﯿﺮ 96 ﺑﺎ روش ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Ecological Methodology ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 3723 ﭘﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 40 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 8 راﺳﺘﻪ و 19 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. 75% از ﮐﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﻨﺠﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﻮد و در ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﮔﻨﺠﺸﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻨﺎ و ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻬﺮان در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻨﺎ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺛﺒﺖﺷﺪه در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﻨﺠﺸﮏﺳﺎﻧﺎن و ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻨﻮع ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ واﻗﻊ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ، در ﺻﻮرت داﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ در ﺟﻠﺐ و ﺟﺬب ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﻬﺮي را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺷﻬﺮي ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﺟﻠﺐ و ﺟﺬب ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ.

Background and Objectives: Calculation of biodiversity indices of urban birds in Tehran in order to better understand the environmental conditions and improve or modify seems necessary. The aim of this study was to calculate the indicators of richness, biodiversity and bird uniformity in Tehran as a case study in the parks of the city, Mellat, Jamshidia and Ghaem.Methods: In this study, the birds were recorded by point counting and the indices were calculated using Ecological Methodology software. Finding: A total of 3723 birds were observed in 40 species of 8 orders and 19 families. 75% of all recorded species belonged to Passeriformes and among them the number of House Sparrows. Although the Ghaem park had the largest area among studied parks, had the least species richness and diversity and was the most abundance. The Shar park the oldest Tehran urban park located in the densely populated of the city, with the highest richness and species diversity and the lowest abundance, compared to the other parks. Discussion and Conclusion: The birds registered in the studied parks were mostly owned by the Passeriformes and half of them were native to Tehran. The area of the above boats does not necessarily mean that the birds are more diverse. According to the findings gathered in Park-e- Shahr located in the city center, We found out despite the presence of dense texture, the suitable space existed, attraction and capturing the birds were observed. The results of this research can provide an opportunity to study the factors affecting urban biodiversity indices and help environmental researchers, managers and urban planners to design a suitable green space to protect biodiversity and attract birds as one of the health habitat indicators and improve citizen’s quality of life.