بررسي اثربخشي آموزش محيط‌زيست بر نگرش و آگاهي‌افزايي محيط‌زيستي در دانش‌آموزان مقطع پيش‌دبستاني

Evaluation of Environmental Education Effectiveness on Environmental Attitude and Awareness of Students

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ رﻓﺘﺎر اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ اﺳـﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬـ ﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ در رﻓﺘـﺎر اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ. آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻼش دارد ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﺴﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻼﯾﺮ ﺑﭙﺮدازد. دراﺑﺘﺪا 22 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻼﯾﺮ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 94-93 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در اﺑﺘﺪا از ﻫﺮ دو ﮔـﺮوه ﯾـﮏ ﭘـﯿﺶ آزﻣـ ﻮن ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻧﯿﺎز داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪه ﺷﻮد در اداﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑـﺮ اي ﮔـﺮوه آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ اراﯾــﻪ داده ﺷــﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾــﺎن ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑــﺎ ﮔــﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘــﺲ آزﻣــﻮن از ﻫــﺮ دو ﮔــﺮوه و ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ آﻣــﺎري ﻫــﺮدو آزﻣــﻮن ﺑــﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻣﯿــﺰان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸــﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن t-test ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﺳﻄﺢ 1% ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ) 0/00 = t = -15/79 sig( و ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ) 0/00 = t = -17/80 sig( ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻧﮕﺮش و آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ دارد. از اﯾﻦ رو اﯾﻦ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎر ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ.

Background and Objective: Many environmental threats are the consequences of human behaviors and just the change in human behavior can reduce this environmental problem. The environmental education is one of the best ways to change these bad behaviors toward the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education on attitudes and increasing environmental awareness of preschool boys of Malayer city. Method: First 22 students were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. After environmental education, the test of both groups and statistical analysis was performed both tests to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education. Findings: The results of t-test with 1% error showed significant difference between pre-test and post-test in both groups (control group and exam group) in awareness of the environment (t= -15/79 sig= 0/00) and environmental attitudes (t= -17/80 sig= 0/00). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore final results are insisted that age-appropriate environmental education have vital role in improving the environmental attitude and knowledge. So this training can be considered as a preventive strategy of environmental degradation.