بررسي تاثير جغرافياي فرهنگي بر امنيت سوريه

Investigating the impact of cultural geography on the security of Syria

بستر جغرافياي فرهنگي سوريه موزاييكي از قوميتها و مذاهب گوناگوني است كه هر كدام آثار تمدني متنوعي براي اين ناحيه داشته است. حاكميت شصت ساله علويها با قوميتها و مذاهب گوناگون در كنار آثار تمدني متفاوت، هم شكاف ها و هم اشتراكاتي را در پي داشته است. چنين بستر جغرافيايي در كنار تداوم اقتدارگرايي، عامل تضاد و تنش اجتماعي در اين كشور بوده است. ويژگيهاي جغرافياي فرهنگي سوريه، در كنار شروع بحران در غرب آسيا در 2011 اين كشور را تحت فشار سه نيروي داخلي، منطقه اي و بين المللي قرار داد. نتيجه اين وضعيت فعال شدن اختلافات در جغرافياي فرهنگي سوريه و نابودي امنيت بود. اين مقاله با روش توصيفي تحليلي برگرفته از منابع كتابخانه اي درصدد پاسخ به اين سوال است كه جغرافياي فرهنگي بر امنيت سوريه در شرايط كنوني و آينده چه تاثيري دارد. به نظر مي رسد حل نشدن تنشهاي قومي و مذهبي در اين كشور پس از جنگ داخلي سبب مي شود سوريه همچنان كانون بحران در آينده باقي بماند. تاثير عدم حل اين تنشها بر موقعيت كشورهاي ذي نفع در سوريه سبب مداخله اين كشورها و كاهش امنيت سوريه شده است.

The developments of Syria in the last decade after the Arab Spring have taken into account the cultural geography in relation to the security situation in Syria. The context of Syria's cultural geography has been a mosaic of different ethnicities and religions, each of which has had a variety of civilizational artifacts for the region. Therefore, this context has historical roots and not only current ones. The sixty-year rule of the Alawites with different ethnicities and religions, along with the works of different civilizations, has led to both divisions and commonalities. Such a geographical context, along with the continuation of authoritarianism, has been the cause of conflict and social tension in this country. If these similarities created the basis for unity in some periods, the differences also provided the ground for the development of takfiri movements. The cultural geography of Syria is inseparable from the cultural geography of West Asia. Therefore, the existence of any crisis in the region makes it possible to expand it to Syria. The characteristics of Syria's cultural geography, along with the onset of the crisis in West Asia in 2011, put Syria under pressure from three forces: domestic, regional and international. The result was the activation of differences in the cultural geography of Syria and the destruction of security. This article seeks to answer the question with a descriptive-analytical method taken from library sources. What effect does cultural geography have on the security of Syria in the current and future conditions? It seems that the