كليدواژه :
جوانه زني , ساختار تشريحي , ترشك , سديم فلورايد
چكيده فارسي :
ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﺮﺷﮏ )Rumex( داراي ﺑـﯿﺶ از 250 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ در دﻧﯿﺎﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒـﺎً 200 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از آن در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟـﮥ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺮة زﻣﯿﻦ رﺷـﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨـﺪ. ﺑـﺮگ و ﮔﻞﻫـﺎي ﺗﺮﺷـﮏ در درﻣـﺎن ﻧـﯿﺶ، ﮐﺒـﻮدي، ﺳـﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ و ﺧﻨﺜﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در داروﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ رﺷـﺪ اوﻟﯿـﮥ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽـﮥ ﺗﺮﺷﮏ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ اِﻋﻤﺎلﺷـﺪه در اﯾـﻦ آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺳﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، 0/5 ،0/1 و 1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮد و ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن دادﻧـﺪ در ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﺷﺪه، درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎدار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑـﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎي 0/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘـﺮ )39/99 درﺻـﺪ( و 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘــﺮ )28/66 درﺻــﺪ( ﺳــﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺑﻮدﻧــﺪ. ﻃــﻮل ﺳــﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و رﯾﺸــﻪﭼﻪ، وزن ﺗــﺮ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار آﻣﺎري در ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﺷـﺪه داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗـﻨﺶ اﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ، ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﮥ ﺟﻮاﻧـﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺷـﮏ را ﺗﺤﺖﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗـﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫـﺪ و ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺷﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻨﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، آﺛﺎر زﯾﺎنﺑﺎر ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﺷـﮑﻞ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖﻣﺮدﮔﯽ، زردﺷﺪﮔﯽ، زﺧﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻬﻨﮏ ﺑﺮگ، ﭘﯿﺮي زودرس ﺑﻮﺗﮥ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﭘﮋﻣﺮدﮔﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﺷﺪه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺗﺸــﺮﯾﺤﯽ ﺑـﺮگ، اﻓــﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳــﻄﻮح ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪﺳـﺪﯾﻢ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل، اﭘﯿﺪرم ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﯽ ﺑـﺮگ ﺷـﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐـﻪ در ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ 1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘـﺮ ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ، اﯾـﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺗـﺎ 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘـﺮ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ آوﻧـﺪ آﺑﮑﺶ و آوﻧﺪ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ و دﻣﺒﺮگ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ، اﯾـﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎري ﮔﯿﺎه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮمدرﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪﺳـﺪﯾﻢ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴـﺖ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺰوﻓﯿﻞ و ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮگ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ، اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨـﺪ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮگ در اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿـﺎه در ﺟـﺬب آب ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ و ﺑـﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. درﮐـﻞ، ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳـﺪﯾﻢﻓﻠﻮراﯾﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺸـﺮﯾﺤﯽ، رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ و ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺮﺷﮏ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اﺛﺒﺎت ﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Rumex is distributing all over the world that over 250 species have been reported. Almost 200 species in temperate regions of the Southern and Northern grow. Rumex leaves and flowers in treating bites, bruises, burns and as neutralizing venom are used. This plant is used as an active ingredient of a variety of medications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of sodium fluoride stress on germination and early seedling growth stages of Rumex seeds was conducted in a completely randomized design. In this experiment, different levels of stress include sodium fluoride at concentrations of 0 (treatments of control), 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg F L-1. The results showed that germination percentage was significant at 5% probability level, but the germination rate was not significant. The highest and lowest germination percentages were related to 0.1 mg L-1 (39.99%) and 0.5 mg L-1 (28.66%) treatments, respectively. Plumule and radicle length, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, radicle and plumule dry weight were significant at the 5 per cent level. Stress caused by sodium fluoride affects the germination of Rumex and seeds are sensitive to sodium fluoride. In the morphological study, harmful effects of sodium fluoride as necrosis, chlorosis, and wounds in the leaf, premature aging and wilting treated plants were observed. In roots and petioles, by increasing the concentration of sodium fluoride up to 0.5 mg L-1, the thickness of the xylem and phloem decreased and increased with increasing concentration due to plant consistency. By increasing the concentration of sodium fluoride to 0.5 mg L-1, the thickness of the xylem and phloem of root and petiole thickness decreased and with increasing the concentration of sodium fluoride due to plant adaptation increased. Also, by increasing the levels of sodium fluoride concentration to 0.5 mg L-1 sodium fluoride, the thickness of the mesophilic and total leaf thickness decreased and then increased with increasing sodium fluoride concentration, which can be said decrease the leaf thickness due to increasing of fluoride due to reducing plant ability in the absorption of water leads to reduced growth. In general, the effect of sodium fluoride on the anatomical structure, morphology and germination characteristics of Rumex crispus L.
was shown in this study.
