بررسي شاخص هاي امنيت در شهري از ديدگاه كاربران با تاكيد بر نظريه CPTED

The Study of Security Indicators in Urban Parks from User’s Point of View with Emphasis on CPTED Theory

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺟﺰء ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و از ﺣﻘﻮق اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان در رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي آنﻫﺎ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان در ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و داراي روﺷﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ و در ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ و در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1396 اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روﯾﮑﺮد CPTED ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺟﺮم از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ( ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري 175 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﺎﻧﺰدهﺳﺎل در ﭘﺎركﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 22 SPSS و از آزﻣﻮن رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از زﯾﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ در رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي از اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﻌﻨﺎ و ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري-ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮحﺷﺪه در ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮ آن ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي از اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ؛ وﻟﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻦ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﻫﻞ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي از اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ، ﻣﺘﺎﻫﻞ، داراي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت دﯾﭙﻠﻢ و ﺧﺎﻧﻪدار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ در زﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺧﻮد اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان و ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺷﻬﺮي در ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزي اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي اﯾﻤﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﮐﻤﮏﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان را اﺟﺮا ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Background and Objective: Urban parks are considered as public spaces and the basic rights of citizens; paying attention to opinions and wishes of citizens is a necessity in their satisfaction of environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the security factor as one of the environmental quality factors from the user’s point of view in urban parks, which can guarantee the citizens' satisfaction in urban spaces using. Method: This study is an experimental research with functional goal and a survey method with gathering data by distributing questionnaire in urban parks. In this study security indicators are based on the CPTED theory. The number of statistical samples was 175 (users over 15 years old). Data analysis has been performed using SPSS and multiple regression analysis has been used to predict the contribution of each sub-indicators in security satisfaction. Findings: The results of the partial correlation test between the factors with considering other factors indicate a significant relationship between security and aesthetic factors, meaning and aggregation, and no significant relationship between security and structural and physical factors ,and behavior patterns. The aggregation factor has the strongest relatinship to security. Also, the indicators presented in the security factor are affected by different degrees. The gender variable has no significant difference in the mean of security, but the variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupational status have affected average satisfaction in security. So that people with a higher average age, married, graduate and house wife have higher expectations of security than other groups in their subset. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can help managers, planners and urban designers in implementing appropriate models to create safe urban parks that meet the preferences of users. So they can implement spaces according to the needs of users by considering the wishes and priorities of each group.