پديد آورندگان :
اصغري مقدم، اصغر داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﯿﻦ , نظري، فاطمه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﯿﻦ , موذن، محسن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﯿﻦ , سيمونز، وارطان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﯿﻦ
كليدواژه :
درياچه اروميه , ضريب همبستگي , تحليل خوشه‌اي , تحليل عاملي , فلزات سنگين
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ از رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ آن ﺑﺮﺟﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻃﺮاف درﯾﺎﭼﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺴﺎبﻫﺎ و ﻓﺎﺿﻼبﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ وارد ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻀﺮي وارد آب درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﭘﺲ روي درﯾﺎﭼﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ در آب، ﺑﻪ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰﮔﺮد، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻃﺮاف را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﻨـﺪ داد. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﻓﻠــﺰات ﻣﻀــﺮ ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦ )Cd ،V ،Mn ،Co ،Zn ،Pb ،Cu ،Ni ،Cr ،As و Hg( و ﻣــﻮاد رادﯾﻮاﮐﺘﯿــﻮ )Th و U( در رﺳــﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻣﻨﺸـﺎ آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻣﻀـﺮ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در
رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺟﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﺪه در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺬر درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﻤﮏ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ، از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺬر درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژﺋﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ اي ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ Th ،Cd ،Hg ،Co ،Ni ،Cu ،As و U در
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻫﻢ ﭼﻮن ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ روش ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻃﺒﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ U و Hg، زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﭘﺴﺎب ﻫﺎ و ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻃﺮاف درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harmful elements have entered the lake water. With the regression of the lake, the complex contaminants in the water have been transferred to the sediments and salts of the lake bed, which in case of possible conversion of these sediments and salts containing hazardous elements into fine dust, will affect the surrounding areas. In this study, the content of heavy harmful metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cd and Hg) and radioactive materials (Th and U) in sediments and salts of Lake Urmia were evaluated. . The purpose of this study is to identify and study the source of contamination of harmful elements in sediments and residual salts in the dried bed of the semi-eastern part and between the passage of Lake Urmia. Method: To investigate, sampling of sediments and surface salts of the lake was done from the eastern and middle part of the lake and the samples were geochemically evaluated and statistically analyzed. Findings: Comparison of the results of the obtained concentrations with the average crust showed that the elements As, Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd, Th and U in the region are more than the average crust. Discussion and Conclusion: The studied elements were examined by statistical evaluations such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results of all three methods were consistent with each other. According to these results, the origin of U and Hg elements is geology and the origin of other human elements. The main sources of human pollution are from urban and industrial effluents and sewage in the areas around the lake.
