ارزيابي ريسك آلودگي BTEX (بنزن، تولوئن، اتيل بنزن و زايلن) در هواي منطقه صنعتي زرقان (اسفند 1390)

Risk Assessment OF BTEX Pollutant (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene , Xylene) in Air of the Industrial Zone of Zarghan City (Feb.2012)

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 95/10/25 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش:96/9/1 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ زرﻗﺎن )ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق ﺷﯿﺮاز( ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا ﻗﺮار دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴـﮏ ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ ﺳـﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ داﯾﻢ زرﻗﺎن و ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻫـﻮاي آﻟـﻮده ﺑﻪ BTEX، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﯽ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ: ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧــﺪازه ﮔﯿــﺮي ﻫــﺎي BTEX ﮐــﻪ از ﻫــﻮاي زرﻗــﺎن، در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻗﺒﻠــﯽ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪه، ارزﯾــﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴــﮏ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ )IRIS-USEPA( در ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ داﯾﻢ زرﻗﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎ: ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﯾﺴــﮏ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻨــﺰن در اﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎه ﻫــﺎي ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸــﮕﺎه ) 1/61×10-4( و ﻣﯿــﺪان اﻣــﺎم )5/39×10-5( ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺷــﺪه -6) ( و ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸــﮕﺎه6/47×10-6 )1ﺮك ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳــﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ، ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﯾﺴــﮏ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ اﺗﯿــﻞ ﺑﻨــﺰن در اﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎه ﻫــﺎي ﺷــﻬصنعتي 1 (6-10×6/47) و پالايشگاه (6-10×6/23) بدست آمده است ﺑـﺎ درﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻫـﺎيBTEX دراﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎﯾـﺪاﺧﻞ ﺷـﻬﺮ زرﻗـﺎن، ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮه )HQ( ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا و ﻣﺠﻤﻮع )HI( ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﯾﮏ" ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤــﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮي: اﯾــﻦ آﻻﯾﻨــﺪه ﻫــﺎ در ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻫــﺎي ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد ﺧﻄـﺮ ﻏﯿﺮﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ آﺷــﮑﺎر ﺑــﺮاي ﻣــﺮدم زرﻗــﺎن ﻧﺪارﻧــﺪ. ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﯾﺴــﮏ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺑــﻪ ﺑﻨــﺰن 3/81×10-5 و اﺗﯿــﻞ ﺑﻨــﺰن 4/32×10-6 ﻣــﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑــﺮاي ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ رﯾﺴــﮏ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎن ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻌــﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻗﺒــﻮل" ﺑــﺮاي آﻻﯾﻨــﺪه ﻫــﺎي ﺳــﺮﻃﺎن زا در اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ )ﺑﻨــﺰن، اﺗﯿــﻞ ﺑﻨــﺰن( از ﻧﻈــ ﺮ WHO )1×10-5( ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﺑﻨــﺰن ﻣــﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺴــﺖ

Background and Objective: Zarghan Industrial Zone (Northeast of Shiraz) is under the influence of various sources of air pollution. In this study, the health risk assessment of permanent residents of Zarghan and the estimation of the incidence of cancer and non-cancerous diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with BTEX, and the results have been compared with similar studies and international standards in this field. Method: Using BTEX measurements from Zarghan air in previous studies, cancer and non-cancer risk assessments have been performed using valid scientific methods (IRIS-USEPA) in permanent residents of Zarghan. Findings:The highest cancer risk of benzene has been calculated in refinery stations (1.61 4 4-10) and Imam Square (5.39 -10 5-10). Also, the highest cancer risk of ethylbenzene was obtained in the stations of Industrial Town 1 (6.47 -10 6-10) and refinery (6.23 -10 6-10). Considering the average concentrations of BTEX in Haydan station inside Zarghan city, the hazard ratio (HQ) for all pollutants in this study, separately and in total (HI) is less than "one". Discussion and Conclusion: These contaminants in the present concentrations do not pose an obvious non-cancerous risk to the people of Zarghan. The highest cancer risk is related to 3.81 -10 5-10 benzene and 4.32 -10 6-10 -10 ethyl benzene. In order to reduce the risk of cancer to an "acceptable" number for carcinogenic pollutants in this study (benzene, ethylbenzene) according to the WHO (1-10-10) benzene concentration should be from 5.10 g / m3 (mean measured concentration) to g / m3µ 1.34 is reduced.