ارزيابي كيفيت شنيداري صداگاه در ميدان نقش جهان اصفهان با استفاده از بررسي طيف فركانسي منابع صوت

Soundscape Assessment of Naghshe-Jahan Square in Isfahan via Analysis of Sound Source Frequency Domain

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺻﺪاﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ارﮐﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﺑﺼﺮي ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺑﺎزﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻘﺎط داراي ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ اﻗﺪام ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺪان ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﭘﺬﯾﺮاي اﻓﺮاد از رده ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري ﺻﺪاﮔﺎه در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻃﯿﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻮت ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺻﻮت ﺳﻨﺞ 8851-ST ﺟﻬﺖ رﮐﻮرد ﺻﺪاي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اي ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺠﯽ از 429 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻟﮕﺎرﯾﺘﻤﯽ ﺗﺮاز ﻫﺎي ﻃﯿﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺷﺪ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي GIS ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت دﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻃﯿﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﻧﻮﻓﻪ، ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻣﯿﺪان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ي ﻫﻤﺘﺮازي ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﻮد. در ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ اﺳﺐ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ اﻃﺮاف ﺣﻮض ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ورودي ﺑﺎزار ﻗﯿﺼﺮﯾﻪ از ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ي ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺻﻮات اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﺒﻮر ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﻮاره، ﮔﺎري ﻫﺎ و آب ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ از ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻃﯿﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 4000 ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Soundscape as one of the non-visual aspects of urban landscape requires assessment and redesign that needs evaluation of soundscape and identification of problematic areas and then taking the action according to the precise assessments. Naghshe-Jahan square as an urban space that embraces people from different ages and social groups should be assessed in terms of soundscape quality. Method: The research aimed at assessment of the soundscape quality of Naghshe-Jahan square through frequency classification in octave band. St-8851 sound meter was used for field assessments. 429 points in grid mode was assessed and logarithmic sum of low, mid and high frequency bands was calculated and presented in the form of GIS maps with precise spatial coordinates. Findings: By examining the frequency spectrum of single noise sources, different audio domains in the field were determined based on high, mid and low frequency bands. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that in the low frequencies, the alignment map was almost homogeneous. At mid frequencies, the pass of horses around the central pool and the entrance of the Qaisariyye Bazar were of high levels, indicating the density of the mid-frequency sound sources, such as human sounds. In high frequencies only the vehicle and gharry paths and water bodies had high sound pressure levels due to the concentration of sound sources with friquencies higher than the 4000 Hz. Finally, strategies and policies were introduced based on the results.