نقش جريانات باد بر منشأ غلظت گاز گلخانه اي دي اكسيدكربن در مقياس استاني

The Role of Wind Flow on Sources of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Provincial Scale

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ آن روﺑﻪرو ﺷﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮔﺎز دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺎز ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻮا و وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎد از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﭘﺨﺶ، رﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﺮدن و ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎي ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎدECMWF و دادهﻫﺎي دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره GOSAT ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎد در ﭘﯽﺑﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎز دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﯽﺑﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﯾﻦ ﮔﺎز در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: . ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﮔﺎز ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺮد و ﮔﺮم در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب و ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان ﻗﺮار دارد. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺎز در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﺪه در اﮐﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﯾﺮان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮔﺎز دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﻮ در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮔﺎز دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و ﻋﺪم اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺮد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽﮐﻪ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي در اﻧﺘﺸﺎر دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background and Purpose: One of the most important problems in the world is the increase of global climate change due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide gas is known as the most important greenhouse gas and the first factor in climate change. Various factors such as topography, rainfall, air currents and the presence of wind are important factors in the diffusion, dilution and displacement of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Method: In the present study, using ECMWF wind speed data and GOSAT satellite carbon dioxide data, the role of wind in detecting local sources or areas of carbon dioxide emissions and such an investigation was made into the possible sources of emissions of this gas on a provincial scale. Findings: The largest aggregate of carbon dioxide gas in both southern and southeastern Iran is located in both cold and hot seasons. However, the dispersion and concentration of this gas in winter is higher than in the summer. The results showed that in most of Iran's provinces, local resources are responsible for increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere in winter. Discussion and Conclusion: High concentration of carbon dioxide gas in winter is due to the more consumption of fossil fuels for heating and lack of photosynthesis process in cold season. While in summer, according to the geographical location of the studied provinces, the role of regional sources of carbon dioxide emissions is more than local sources.