تعيين ظرفيت تحمل فيزيكي- اكولوژيكي گردشگري ساحلي و تأثيرپذيري آن از ميزان رضايت‌مندي گردشگران (مطالعه موردي: بندر گز)

Determination of Physical-Ecological Carrying Capacity of Coastal Tourism and its Effectiveness of Satisfaction of Tourists (Case Study: Bandar Gaz)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاردي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻫﺪاف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ- اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺑﻨﺪر ﮔﺰ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي آن از ﻣﯿﺰان رﺿﺎﯾﺖﻣﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ- اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ از دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻓﻬﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻈﺎراﺗﺸﺎن از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻘﺼﺪ، از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ- ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 7089 ﻧﻔﺮ، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ واﻗﻌﯽ 3863 ﻧﻔﺮ در روز و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ 1880 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ- ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ 24 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، 8 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در رﺑﻊ دوم و 14 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در رﺑﻊ اول و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 2 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در رﺑﻊ ﺳﻮم ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ- ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد وﺟﻮد ﺑﯿﺶ از 50 درﺻﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ در رﺑﻊ اول، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ آن، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 48,66 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ واﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Carrying capacity is one of the issues which are considered the goals of sustainable tourism. Accordingly, present study was conducted to determine the physical-ecological carrying capacity of beach of Bandar Gaz and effectiveness of the tourists' satisfaction. Method: The method of data analysis in this research is descriptive and analytical. Data collected by the library and field observations and questionnaires. To determination of physical-ecological carrying capacity have been used from the instructions of the International unio‎n for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and also to understand the satisfaction level of tourists due to expectations from service performance to have been used from analysis Importance-Performance. Results: Based on the results, it is estimated to physical carrying capacity 7089 people, real carrying capacity 3863 people and the effective carrying capacity 1880 people per day. The results of analysis Importance-Performance show that among 24 indicators studied, there are 8 indicators in the second quarter, 14 in the first quarter and 2 indicators in the third quarter. Conclusion: According to the analysis Importance-Performance indicators more than 50 percent in the first quarter, indicating that most indicators of the respondents' views are very important but the performance of destination management has been weak in this regard that whereby effective carrying capacity than real carrying capacity has fallen 48.66 percent.