ارزيابي توان اكولوژيكي به منظور توسعه جنگل با استفاده از AHP (مطالعه موردي، حوزه آبخيز ارنگه، استان البرز)

Ecological Capability for Forest Development Using AHP (Arangeh Watershed, Alborz Town(

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﯿﺎز روز اﻓﺰون ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري اﻣﺮي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ارﻧﮕﻪ واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻟﺒﺮز و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬار ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ )ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﺧﺎك( و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ )ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ( ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت و دادهﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﻬﻢﮔﺬاري و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ، واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻦ، اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ و داﺋﻤﯽ از روﻧﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ 108 واﺣﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ وزن ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش AHP )ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﺎت زوﺟﯽ( و ﻧﻈﺮات ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ارزشﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﻘﯿﺎس دو ﻗﻄﺒﯽ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﮐﻤﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ارزش ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ روش SAW ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري در ﺳﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 9/5 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﺧﻮب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 1015/9 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 578/5 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ در 15% از ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪي ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ دارد.

Background and Objective: Due to the natural forests degradation rate, increasing human population and increasing need to ecosystem services, forest development and afforestation process will be unavoidable. In this respect, before any implementation of afforestation project, site selection of suitable areas and evaluation of ecological potential should be considered. This research has been done with the aim of evaluating the ecological potential of Arangeh watershed located in Alborz province and locating suitable areas for afforestation. Methods: According to the purpose of the study, in order to evaluate the ecological potential, effective environmental criteria including physical factors (physiography, climate and soil) and biological factors (vegetation) were identified. Then, area information was collected, including reports and data, as well as maps were produced. In the next step, by stacking and combining the information layers, homogeneous units were produced. Using Boolean logic, lands with absolute and permanent constraints were removed from the evaluation process and finally 108 unrestricted units were identified for evaluation. Then, the weights of the main indicators were determined using the AHP method (pairwise comparisons) and expert opinions. Qualitative values The main indices were converted to quantitative scale using the bipolar distance method and then the final value of each homogeneous unit was calculated by the SAW method. Results: In this study, land potentials for afforestation in three categories including: excellent (9/5 ha), good (1015/9 ha), and average (578/5 ha) were determined and finally an ecological potential map for the development of forest was produced. Discussion & conclusion: It can be concluded that, in 15% of the area, there is potential for afforestation, that ecological potential has relatively suitable conditions in these areas.