بررسي اثرات زيست‌محيطي چهار رقم ذرت بر مبناي ميزان مصرف كود نيتروژن با استفاده از ارزيابي چرخه حيات (LCA)

Investigating the Environmental Impacts for Four Varieties of Corn Based on Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

زمينه و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ- ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ذرت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﯿﺎت در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻻﻫﯿﺠﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )300، 400 و 500 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اوره در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ذرت ) KSC 647، 700 KSC 704 ،KSC و Local( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، اوﺗﺮﯾﻔﯿﮑﺎﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ، ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺛﺮات در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻦ ذرت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )1/53( و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ )1/11( در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻦ ذرت رﻗﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف 500 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻮد اوره در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )0/39( و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ )0/45( ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺼﺮف 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻮد اوره در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻦ رﻗﻢ 647 KSC ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، اﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ )647 KSC( از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ.

Background and Objective: The use of chemical fertilizers has many negative effects on the environment. Therefore, in order to evaluate the environmental effects of four maize cultivars based on the use of nitrogen fertilizer, research was conducted using the life cycle assessment method in Lahijan region. Method: For this purpose, a field experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were consisted different nitrogen levels (300, 400 and 500 kg/ha urea) as the main plot and four varieties of corn (KSC 647, KSC 700, KSC 704 and Local) as the subplots. In this studysix groups were investigated; the global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, the depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate. Production of one ton of corn was considered as a functional unit to evaluate the environmental impacts. Findings: The results showed that maximum environmental index (1.53) and resources depletion index (1.11) was in production of one-ton local variety of corn with treatment 500 kg/ha urea. The minimum environmental index (0.39) and resources depletion index (0.45) was in production of one ton KSC 647 variety of corn with treatment 300 kg/ha urea. Discussion and Conclusion: Although there was not a difference between the different treatments of nitrogen in terms of corn yield, but the selection of superior varieties in terms of yield, by reducing nitrogen consumption, reduced damage to the environment.