پديد آورندگان :
رحيمي پور، نيلوفر دانشگاه صنعتي جندي شاپور - گروه معماري، درفول ، ايران , عطاريان، كورش دانشگاه صنعتي جندي شاپور - گروه معماري، درفول ، ايران , ديده بان، محمد دانشگاه صنعتي جندي شاپور - گروه معماري، درفول ، ايران
كليدواژه :
مسكن روستايي , الگوي بومي , معماري بومي , سازه بومي
چكيده فارسي :
معماري بومي هر منطقه اي، گواه بر پيشينه معماري و فرهنگي ارزشمند و سابقه تاريخي آن ديار است و تلاش در جهت شناسايي و معرفي اين ثروت به همگان، ميتواند زمينه اي براي مرتفع ساختن بسياري از نيازهاي فرهنگي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي و توسعه هرچهبيشتر اين سكونتگاه هاي باارزش و انتقال فنون و تجارب معماري و فرهنگي به ديگر مناطق باشد. در محدوده جغرافيايي ايران، بسياري از روستاها با وجود داشتن ويژگيهاي معماري، فرهنگي و پيشينه ارزشمند تاريخي متأسفانه به‌درستي شناسايي و معرفي نشدهاند و يا در صورت شناسايي به‌دست فراموشي سپرده شده‌اند و با گذر زمان اين ثروت باارزش به‌دليل كم توجهي دچار آسيب و كاهش كيفيت زندگي ساكنان آن ميشود. شهرستان بروجرد در شمال استان لرستان، داراي بافت‌هاي روستايي منحصربه‌فردي است كه متأسفانه با وجود كالبد معماري ارزشمند در اقليم سرد منطقه، موردتوجه قرار نگرفته‌است. روستاي كوشكيسفلي در زمره همين روستاها قرار دارد و تاكنون درصد بالايي از بافت اين روستا به‌دليل عدم رسيدگي دچار تخريب شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسايي، معرفي و مستندسازي الگوي بومي معماري و سازه در مسكن روستاي كوشكيسفلي تعيين شدهاست كه بدين‌منظور، به بررسي و تحليل گونهه اي تاريخي موجود روستا پرداخته شدهاست. گردآوري اطلاعات، در مرحله اول از روش كتابخانه اي و مقالات الكترونيكي و در مرحله ميداني و شناخت از روش مصاحبه، مشاهده و برداشت استفاده شده است. در پايان پژوهش، تحليلها نشان دادند كه تركيب فضايي خانه هاي روستا شامل دو نوع استقرار بنا در سه جبهه و چهار جبهه حياط مستطيل شكل مي‌باشد؛ در گونه شناسي معماري اين روستا، شاخص‌هاي محرميت چرخش فضايي در ورودي توسط دالان و هشتي، فضاهاي رابط ايوان و مهتابي، حياط مركزي و درونگرايي فضاها از ويژگيهاي بومي آن رعايت شدهاست و ملاحظات اقليمي توسط چيدمان ساختار كالبدي، جهت‌گيري و همچنين از مصالح بوم آوردي مثل خشت، چوب، سنگ و كاهگل و سازه باربر اصلي در ساخت خانه ها بهره گرفته اند
چكيده لاتين :
The vernacular architecture of any region is an evidence of its valuable architectural, cultural and historical background. Efforts to identify and introduce this heritage can be the basis for addressing many of the cultural, social, economic, and developmental needs of vernacular settlements and to transfer architectural experiences and cultural techniques to other regions. Unfortunately, despite the rich history of architecture and culture in the geographical area of Iran, many villages have not received the attention they deserve.
One of the most important features of rural architecture is to pay attention to the design in accordance with the natural needs of the people and the environment and their daily activities such as the type of living spaces. Architectural examples of the coexistence of living and living spaces in this type of housing are the depth of attention to people's lives and their needs, which has harmonized the physical space with the story of people's lives and created it. Such a view of life and attention to needs and harmony with the natural environment has led to the formation of various forms of housing Indigenous architecture is well aware of the originality of life and environmental potentials and has been formed in harmony with it, instead of ignoring the needs of life and combating geographical variables. Rural houses, which are good examples of this type of architecture, have relatively fixed and stable principles that are not easily subject to change, and its changes have taken place internally over relatively long periods of time.
Boroujerd County in the north of Lorestan Province has unique rural textures that unfortunately have not been considered despite the valuable architectural texture in the cold climate of the area. Kushki-Sofla village is one of these kinds located in this region, which, unfortunately, despite the valuable texture, has not been considered. Up to now, a high percentage of the village context has been damaged due to a lack of conservation process. According to the necessity of the subject, the purpose of the present study is to identify, introduce and document the local patterns of architecture and structure in the village of Kushki-Sofla, which In order to achieve this goal, the research analyses the existing typology of the village buildings.
The principles and rules that are generally seen in the local housing architecture of this village are 1. Flat roof (bed and beam) due to access to wood materials and timber; 2. The granular texture (a set of buildings that are formed separately from other buildings), but has a relatively dense arrangement; 3. Using the semi-open space pattern as transition spaces and the interface between indoor and outdoor spaces; 4. Minimize the external surface against the volume of the building; 5. Mostly there are two-story houses; 6. Observing the spatial hierarchy to enter the houses by rotating the entrance and using the porch; 7. Using the element of the central courtyard as a functional and communication role between other spaces; 8. Using indigenous materials for construction; 9. In general, the residential architecture of this lower Kushki village is simple and without pollution.
This research searches through the pattern of vernacular architecture and physical characteristics of rural houses and explores the structural components in the construction with rural housing. In order to collect the required information, the first phase is the library method. In addition, field study observation and semi-organized interview were used for data collection. At the result, analyzes showed that the spatial composition of the village houses consists of a three-sided and four-sided form. In the typology of the architecture of this village, the spatial circulation at the entrance by the corridors and the vestibule, the spaces between the porch and the moonlight, the central courtyard, and the interior space of the spaces are the vernacular features of Kushki-Sofla Houses. They also used canvas materials such as clay, wood, rock and roll, and main building structures for building houses.
