بررسي تاثير فيلترهاي مورد استفاده در مزارع پرورش ماهي بر كيفيت آب خروجي(مطالعه موردي: مزارع پرورش ماهي شهركرد)

Investigation on the Effect of Filters Used in the Fish Farms on Water Quality (Case study: Fish farms at Shahrekord)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﮕﺬارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ، ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ از ﻣﻮاد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آورﻧﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻣﻮاد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، از ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮي ﺳﺘﻮن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻨﺲ PVC ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع 70 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ4، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ آب5 و ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل6 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ از وﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﯿﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ ژﺋﻮﺗﮑﺴﺘﺎﯾﻞ7 ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻮاد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ، ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ، ﺳﺒﻮس ﮔﻨﺪم و ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع 10 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ درون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ رﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و آب ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 15 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ از ﺳﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮرداده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ از ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي 10 ،5 ،2 و 15 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ آب و ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ آب در اﺑﺘﺪا روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ داﺷﺖ، ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ275/26 و278/4 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار اوﻟﯿﻪ آب ورودي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺠﺎز ﻗﺮار دارد و ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Background and Objective: Fish farming projects are one of the human activities that can negatively affect the water quality of rivers. Therefore, reducing water pollution in fish farms is very important. In this study, in order to reduce the pollution of the effluent, various filters of natural materials were investigated. One of the problems that these filters may cause is the reduction of water quality by the materials used in them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in water quality of fish farms when passing through various materials to make filters. Method: For this purpose, a series of PVC columns with a height of 70 cm were used to study the changes in acidity, electrical conductivity of water and all soluble solids. In this way, the pipes were divided into two halves from the middle and a layer of geotextile was placed between each pipe. Then various materials such as zeolite, sugar beet pulp, wheat bran and fodder corn were poured into the tubes to a height of 10 cm and water was continuously passed through the columns for 15 minutes. Then, the inputs and outputs of the columns were sampled for 2, 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Findings: According to the obtained results, the values of electrical conductivity of water and total solids of water outlet solution initially increased and decreased over time, so that the mentioned values initially increased 275.27 and 278.4%, respectively, but eventually they came back to the initial value. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison of the quality of the outflow water with the permissible values of the output to the river showed that in all the mentioned times, the mentioned values are within the permissible range and the materials used as a filter do not pose a problem on the quality of the outflow water.