تحليل فضايي آلودگي در اروندرود با استفاده از GIS

Spatial Analysis of Contamination in the Arvand River Using GIS

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اروﻧﺪرود رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎوري در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و در ﻣﺮز اﯾﺮان و ﻋﺮاق اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ اﻧﻮاع آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﭘﺴﺎبﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ، ﺳﻤﻮم ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺎﺿﻼبﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دارد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در اروﻧﺪرود ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از GIS ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﭘﺨﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از GIS در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اروﻧﺪرود ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي و ﻫﯿﺪرودﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻮﻫﯿﺮﻧﺲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ، ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻧﺎوﯾﺮاﺳﺘﻮﮐﺲ در ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ و ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺷﻮري و دﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺮزي اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﻣﺎ، ﺷﻮري و دﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮز ﺑﺎز رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﻣﺎ و ﺷﻮري و اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺰر و ﻣﺪيO1,S2, M2 وK1 ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮز ﺑﺎز درﯾﺎ در ﻣﺪل ﺑﮑﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺧﺮوﺟﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ﮐﻮﻫﯿﺮﻧﺲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ NetCDF ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ را در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎص )ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺰر ﯾﺎ ﻣﺪ( را ژﺋﻮرﻓﺮﻧﺲ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS، ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اروﻧﺪ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻫﺎي 1 ﺗﺎ 5 رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﮐﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ 1 ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺟﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و رﺗﺒﻪ 5 ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺟﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه اول در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪ و ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 32/27%، در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه دوم در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺰر و ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 32/87% و در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮم در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪ و ﭘﺮآﺑﯽ 28/48% اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objectives: Arvand River is a vast river in the southwest and on the border of Iran and Iraq, which is threatened by a variety of pollutants such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical toxins and municipal wastewater that have adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of pollution changes in Arvand River using GIS. Method: In this research, pollution distribution modeling using GIS in Arvandrud river has been used using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model of Coherence. The continuity equation, Navira-Stokes equations in three dimensions and salinity and temperature transfer equations are solved by separation method. The applied boundary conditions include temperature, salinity and discharge changes for the open river boundary and temperature and salinity changes and the application of tidal components O1, S2, M2 and K1 for the open sea boundary are used in the model. Findings: We call the outputs of the Coherence model, which are in NetCDF format, in the GIS environment, then georeferences the contamination of a specific time (tidal mode), and finally classifies it in the GIS environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this regard, the changes in the pollution of the taxonomic river and the Arvand River are classified on a scale of 1 to 5, with rank 1 indicating the lowest degree of pollution and rank 5 indicating the highest degree of pollution. According to the percentage of area covered by pollution in different stations, it was observed that the highest level of pollution in the first station in the mode of mode and low water with a value of 32.27%, in the second station in the state of low tide with a value of 32.87% an‎d in the third station, it is 28.48% in fashionable and watery mode.