بررسي تاثير فاصله و عرض كاشت گونه هاي درختي فضاي سبز شهر آباده در كنترل آلودگي صوتي

The Effect Study of Distance and Planting Width of Tree Species of Abadeh City Green Space in Sound Pollution Control

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ آﺑﺎده و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ردﯾﻒ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﮑﺎري ﺷﺪه و ﻋﺮض ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮ آﺑﺎده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻠﻮار ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان و ﮐﻨﺎر ﮔﺬر ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه 1396 در دو ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺻﺪاﺳﻨﺞ Cirrus ﻣﺪل CR:303 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و از ﻫﺮ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه 25 داده و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 400 داده ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در دو ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ازﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺮازﻫﺎي ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت در ﺑﻠﻮار ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان و ﮐﻨﺎر ﮔﺬر ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ در دو ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺻﺪا )ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن( و ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ درﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت ﻫﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد واﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن وﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺻﺪا ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺻﺪا در ﺑﻠﻮار ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 54 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺑﺎ 14ردﯾﻒ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ 65/04 و 60/96 دﺳﯽ ﺑﻞ و در ﮐﻨﺎر ﮔﺬر ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 85 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺑﺎ 10 ردﯾﻒ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ 65/04 و 64/08 دﺳﯽ ﺑﻞ ﺑﻮد.

Abstract Background and Objective: Green space is effective in reducing noise pollution. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of tree species in the green space of Abadeh, as well as the number of tree plantation rows and planting width on decreasing the intensity of sound. Method: In this study, four stations in two areas was selected in Abadeh city including Shahid Chamran Blvd. and Northern Passageway and sampling was carried out in two turns in the morning and evening using the Cirrus sound level meter CR: 303 in March, 2018 and 25 data in each station and 400 data in total was recorded. Findings: The results of comparing the average sound intensity level measured in the two studied areas in the morning and evening with the Iranian national standard show that the average sound intensity level in both regions is higher than the standard; So despite the green space, there is noise pollution in both areas. The results of the study of sound intensity levels in Shahid Chamran Boulevard and along the northern passage in the morning and evening show that there is a negative correlation between the distance from the sound source (distance from the street) and the number of rows of trees planted and the average sound intensity level. This means that the greater the distance from the street and the number of rows of trees planted, the greater the amount of noise reduction. Discussion and Conclusion: The highest noise reduction in Shahid Chamran Boulevard is related to the distance of 54 meters from the edge of the street with 14 rows of planting with average sound intensity level for morning and evening of 65.04 and 60.96 dB, respectively, and next to the northern passage is related to the distance of 85 meters from the edge. The street was planted with 10 rows and there was a hill with an average level of sound intensity for the morning and evening of 65.04 and 64.08 dB, respectively.