واكاوي تغيير و تحولات مورفوديناميك لندفرم‌ها و بستر رودخانه كال‌شور درمحدوده منطقه حفاظت‌شده شيراحمد سبزوار با ديدگاه محيط زيستي

Analysis of morphodynamic changes of landforms in riverbed kalshour in the shirAhmad protected area in Sabzevar With an environmental perspective

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮدﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﻟﻨﺪﻓﺮم ﻫﺎي ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﺤﻮل آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺳﯿﻼبﻫﺎ ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮ ﮋي و ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﻟﻨﺪﻓﺮم ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎل ﺷﻮر ﺳﺒﺰوار در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺷﯿﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ ﺳﺒﺰوار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﻟﻨﺪﺳﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 2015-1988 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وﺿﻮح و ﺗﺒﺎﯾﻦ در ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎل ﺷﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رخ داده در دوره 27 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻟﻨﺪﻓﺮم و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رخ داده در ﻫﺮ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻃﻮل رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎل ﺷﻮر در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان1/8 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺗﺮ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﯿﭽﺎن رودﻫﺎ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ و ﺷﻌﺎع داﯾﺮه ﻣﻤﺎس ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﭘﯿﭽﺎﻧﺮود ﺑﯿﺶ¬ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﯿﭽﺎﻧﺮودي ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﯾﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻟﻨﺪﻓﺮم ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل و دﻗﺖ 84/3 و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﭘﺎ 0/78 ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ 31/5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﺳﻪ اي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯽ زارﻫﺎ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺰ و ﺗﺎغ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﺮات وﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﺳﻪ اي و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮدن ﺳﻄﺢ آب ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ دﺷﺖ ﺳﺒﺰوار و ورود ﭘﺴﺎب ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮده و از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﺧﺎك و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻮء ﺑﺮ ﺣﯿﺎت ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺷﯿﺮاﺣﻤﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻟﺬا ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدي وﯾﮋه در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background and Objective: Knowledge of the characteristics of morphodynamic river systems, Landform and its evolution as one of the most vital components of the Earth's surface that In many studies and projects, including the flood control, watershed studies, and environmental hydrology of the basic requirements for environmental planners. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of landforms and the KalShour riverbed in protected area ShirAhmad is Sabzevar emphasis on environmental considerations. Method: in the Research using topographic map and satellite images of Landsat, years 1988, 2000 and 2015. For this purpose, was determined changes kaleshor of riverbed and morphodinamic landform changes occurred in the study period of 27 years and Using maximum likelihood map landforms and account for the years of research and changes in any areas identified and analyzed and assessed. Findings: Calculations show that the rivers in the region of 8.1 km2 kalshour shorter and less meandering, and become more the radius of the circle is tangent to any show that has become curved meander pattern to direct arterial. The map Landforms has changed was produced with maximum likelihood and overall accuracy0.78 and kappa coefficient 0.84. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show a large changes of sand dunes and vegetation especially .Based on the results, because of having high groundwater levels and also enter wastewater Sabzevar and.31.5 km2 of sand dunes volume reduction and conversion to fields Tamarix hispida and forest Tamarix. This issue is for the benefit of the natural landscape and on the other hand depletes water resources and soil and adverse impact on animal life protected area's Shirahmd that require special strategic programs in order to preserve natural heritage and sustainable development.