پديد آورندگان :
شاه مرداني، ايمان دانشگاه تهران - پرديس دانشكده هاي فني - دانشكده مهندسي نقشه برداري و اطلاعات مكاني , عباسپور، رحيم علي دانشگاه تهران - پرديس دانشكده هاي فني - دانشكده مهندسي نقشه برداري و اطلاعات مكاني , چهرقان، عليرضا دانشگاه صنعتي سهند - دانشكده مهندسي معدن
چكيده فارسي :
با افزايش كاربرد داده هاي مكاني در زندگي روزمره، توليد اين داده ها از منابع اطلاعاتي مختلف با دقت و مقياس هاي متفاوت رشد وسيعي داشته است. توليد داده هاي جديد نياز به اختصاص زمان و هزينه بسياري ميباشد. از اين رو يكي از راهكارهاي كاهش هزينه، به روزرساني داده هاي قديمي در مقياس هاي مختلف با استفاده از داده هاي جديد (تهيه شده در يك مقياس) مي باشد. يكي از رويكردهاي به روزرساني داده ها بكارگيري مجموعه داده بزرگ مقياس به روزشده به عنوان داده مرجع براي بهروزرساني مجموعه داده كوچك مقياس است؛ به اين صورت كه عوارض تغيير يافته در دو مجموعه داده شناسايي و سپس با اصلاح تغييرات متناسب با مجموعه داده كوچك مقياس به روزرساني انجام مي شود. مسائل به روزرساني نقشه در مجموعه داده برداري از منظر نوع عارضه به روزرساني شده به سه دسته نقطه اي، خطي و چندضلعي تقسيم بندي مي شوند. يكي از دسته عوارض مهم از كلاس عوارض چندضلعي در محيط هاي شهري، ساختمان ها هستند كه در نقشه هاي شهري از اهميت بسزايي برخوردارند و به روزرساني آنها در كاربردهاي شهري از اولويت بالايي برخوردار است. در اين مقاله سعي شده است با بررسي دقيق و جامع مطالعات پيشين، مسـائل به روزرساني عوارض چندضلعي (بويژه ساختمان ها) از سه منظر روش هاي خوشه بندي، استخراج الگو و روش هاي به روزرساني مورد استفاده بررسي شوند. همچنين دسته بندي در هر ديدگاه و مزايا و معايب روش هاي مختلف نيز در آن ارائه شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
With the increasing use of spatial data in daily life, the production of this data from diverse information sources with different precision and scales has grown widely. Generating new data requires a great deal of time and money. Therefore, one solution is to reduce costs is to update the old data at different scales using new data (produced on a similar scale). One approach to updating data is to use the updated large-scale dataset as reference data to update small-scale datasets; in this way, the modified features are identified in the two datasets and then updated by modifying the changes to fit the small-scale dataset. In terms of the type of the updated feature, map updating issues in the vector dataset are divided into three categories: pointwise, linear, and polygon. One of the most important features of the class of polygonal features in urban environments are the buildings that are vital in urban maps and their updating process in urban applications has a high priority. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the issue of updating polygonal features from different perspectives by a careful and comprehensive examination. These perspectives include spatial clustering methods, pattern extraction, and updating methods.
Spatial clustering methods are classified into five methods: natural principles, partition-based, graph-based, Region Merging, and density-based approaches. Each clustering method have been used in different studies according to Gestalt criteria (proximity, similarity, and continuity). In pattern extraction, different types of patterns have been studied in various studies while the linear pattern extraction as a sample has been comprehensively examined in this study.
In the updating methods, three updating approaches including Propagating, Local, and Constraint-based are examined. In the Propagation updating approach, only large-scale data are updated, then these updates can be propagated into small-scale data. This update is especially used for the MRDB spatial database by propagating updates at various scales. Local updating consists of three steps: 1) Change detection between the recently updated large-scale dataset and the old small-scale dataset. 2) Integrating the discovered changes into the small-scale dataset (by quantifying and formulating these changes). 3) Ensuring that the consistency is maintained. In Constraint-based updating approach which demonstrates the necessities of this research, first, by grouping the buildings, useful information such as the area of the buildings, the average and the standard deviation of the separation distance between the buildings is obtained. Then, with the appropriate operators, Constraint-based generalization is performed to update the maps.
There are various criteria for evaluating the updating methods, while the Precision and Recall criteria have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of these problems. Precision criterion examines the ratio of the number of correctly matched features to the total number of features that that have been matched correctly or incorrectly. Recall criterion evaluates the ratio of correctly matched features to the total features that have been matched correctly or not matched. In other words, in the Precision criterion, the number of features that are incorrectly matched and in the Recall criterion, the number of features that are not matched, are effective in comparing the two criteria. The categorization mentioned in each perspective and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are also presented in this research.
