بررسي فرايند تحول دولت در ايران معاصر (مطالعۀ موردي دورۀ مشروطه و پهلوي اوّل)

A Study of the Process of Government Transformation in Contemporary Iran (Case Study of the Constitutional and Pahlavi Periods)

موضوع اين مقاله، بررسي فرايند تحول دولت در ايران معاصر از مشروطه تا پهلوي اول است. اين پژوهش، با توجه به نُه شاخصۀ دولت مدرن يعني 1. انحصار كنترل ابزار خشونت؛ 2. سرزميني بودن؛ 3. حاكميت؛ 4. حكومت بر پايۀ قانون اساسي؛ 5. قدرت غيرشخصي؛ 6. بوروكراسي عمومي؛ 7. اقتدار/ مشروعيت؛ 8. شهروندي؛ 9. ماليات‌ستاني، تلاش كرده به اين سؤال پاسخ دهد كه سير تحول دولت از مشروطه به دولت پهلوي اول تا چه حد «مدرن» بوده است؟ فرضيه مقاله اين است در تحول دولت از مشروطه به پهلوي اول، برخي از عناصر دولت مدرن كه پيشتر در دولت‌هاي قاجار و مشروطه وجود داشت تداوم پيدا كرده، برخي در عصر پهلوي اول شكل گرفت و برخي نيز به صورت ناقص باقي ماند. نتايج مي‌دهد كه در سير تحول دولت از مشروطه، به دولت مدرن پهلوي اول، اين دولت در انحصار كنترل ابزار خشونت، حاكميت، ايجاد بوروكراسي عمومي و ماليات‌ستاني، وجوه دولت مدرن را دنبال مي‌كرد، اما در مواردي چون حكومت بر پايۀ قانون اساسي، قدرت غيرشخصي، اقتدار/مشروعيت و شهروندي، نتوانست نمايندۀ دولت مدرن باشد. روش پژوهش در اين مقاله توصيفي-تحليلي است.

The subject of this article is the study of the process of government transformation in contemporary Iran from the Constitution to the first Pahlavi. The formation of the modern state in contemporary Iran began with the formation of the constitution and new institutions, but with the change in some of its foundations in the first Pahlavi government, it found its final form to a large extent, although not as consistent as its original concept, the Western text. This study, according to the nine characteristics of the modern government, namely 1. Monopoly control over the means of violence; 2. Being territorial; 3. Sovereignty; 4. Government based on the Constitution; 5. Impersonal power; 6. General bureaucracy; 7. authority / legitimacy; 8. Citizenship; 9. The tax collector has tried to answer the question of how "modern" the evolution of the government from the constitution to the first Pahlavi government has been? The hypothesis of the article is that in the evolution of the government from the constitution to the first Pahlavi, some elements of the modern government that existed before in the Qajar and constitutional governments continued, some were formed in the first Pahlavi era and some remained incomplete. The results of the research show that in the evolution of the government from the constitution, in which some of the most important institutions and structures of the modern government were formed to the modern Pahlavi government, this government monopolized the control of violence, sovereignty, public bureaucracy and taxation. It pursued the modern state, but in cases such as constitutional government, impersonal power, authority / legitimacy, and citizenship, it could not accurately represent the modern state. The research method in this article is qualitative descriptive-analytical and the data is collected in the form of a library and through phishing.