سنجش و ارزيابي ميزان تاب آوري جوامع شهري در ابعاد اجتماعي، اقتصادي، كالبدي و محيط زيستي (مطالعه موردي: شهر شيراز)

Measuring and Assessing the Urban Resilience in the Social, Economic, Physical and Environmental Dimensions (Case study: Shiraz City)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: رﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي اﻣﺮوزي اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺪون رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺠﺎم ﮔﺴﯿﺨﺘﻪ اي دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﮔﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ دﭼﺎر ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ )ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ( ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺷﻬﺮي در اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﺗﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺳﻮاﻻت ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي، ﺳﭙﺲ اﺑﻌﺎد ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه و زﯾﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ در روش AHP اﻣﯿﺘﺎز ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ: ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ)0/243(، ﺑﻌﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )0/198(، ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي- ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )0/191( و ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )0/110( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ادﻋﺎ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ وﺟﻮد ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻧﺴﺒﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ وﺟﻮد رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدي ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻨﯽ و ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺗﺎب آور از ﺣﯿﺚ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺮده اﺳﺖ. وﺟﻮد ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع و اﺑﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻣﺘﯿﺎزي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و وﺟﻮد ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻣﺘﯿﺎزي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻮان اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد

Background and Objective: The growth of modern cities is often followed without standards and unbridled. With this picture, if cities suffer from natural and abnormal accidents, it is very difficult to return to pre-disaster situations. Method: The present research is an applied and analytical-descriptive purpose. This study uses a hierarchical analysis model to evaluate resilience with emphasis on quality of life in Shiraz. In this regard, 30 questionnaires were submitted to experts and questions consisted of economic, socio-cultural, and social dimensions. Environmental and physical. Then, these dimensions and their sub-criteria were implemented in the AHP method. Findings: The findings indicate that: the highest level of resilience was given in the order of priority, then environment with average (0.224), socio-cultural dimension with mean (198/0), structural-dimensional dimension with mean (0.191) ) and the economic dimension with an average (0.110). Discussion and Conclusion: According to research findings, it can be claimed that the lack of environmental pollution and environmental diversity have led to relative stability in this category, and on the other hand, the existence of an almost optimal interpersonal and social relationship between the age structure and sex of the community is a resilient state and has created social and cultural aspects. The existence of varied uses and historic aberrations in urban context as a positive point and the existence of exhaustion in some places, both structural and functional, has been shown to be negative. Unfortunately, the economic quality and employment issues, as in other cities of the country, are very low and uncertain, and the need to strengthen this sector is highly felt.