كليدواژه :
ETBA PHAST , شبيه سازي پيامد , ارزيابي ريسك , پالايشگاه گاز ايلام
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻄﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه و ﺷﯿﺒﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺣﻮادث اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻓﻠﺮ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﺎز اﯾﻼم ﺑﻪ روش ETBA و PHAST ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺑﺎ روش 3ETBA ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻓﻠﺮ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و 70 رﯾﺴﮏ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ 8 رﯾﺴﮏ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آﺗﺶ، ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر و رﯾﺰش ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 4PHAST ﺣﻮادث اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي 4 ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي رﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺎز ﻣﺨﺎزن ﮐﺮوي، ﻧﺸﺖ ﻣﯿﻌﺎﻧﺎت ﮔﺎزي از ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي، ﻧﺸﺖ 5LPG از ﺑﺎزوي ﺑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﺪن ﻓﻠﺮ ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي اول ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي و اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻣﺨﺎزن ﮐﺮوي ﺳﻄﺢ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸﮕﺎه را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي دوم در زﻣﺎن ﻧﺸﺖ ﻣﯿﻌﺎﻧﺎت ﮔﺎزي دﯾﻮار ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار اﺳـﺖ. در ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﺳﻮم ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. در ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﭼﻬﺎرم، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮده و در رﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﺎز ﻫﺎي ﺳﻤﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﺷﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎت و اﻓﺮاد ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻔﺎي ﺣﺮﯾﻖ، ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺪاوم ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري ﻣﺎﻧﻮرﻫﺎي آﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ از ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: The ILAM Gas Refinery, which produces natural gas, ethane, C3+, C5+, and Sulphur, is situated in the west of Iran and in the Central Zagros Range, and thus, examining the consequences of possible industrial accidents considering the probable effects on personnel, equipment, installations, and the environment is of great importance.
Method: In this study, the risks related to the storage tanks and flare were identified and prioritized. Then, the consequences of the identified risks for the selected scenarios comprising radiation due to fire, the pressure due to an explosion, and leakage of toxic material were modeled using the Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) for possible accidents.
In this study, the ETBA method identified 70 risks, among which seven of them were in the unacceptable range, in which four risks were associated to the spherical storage tanks, loading (two risks), and the cylindrical storage tank and the flare were each assigned one risk. The risk associated with the heat energy of the spherical and cylindrical storage tanks and the flare were significant. Subsequently, the consequences of four scenarios including the sudden release of gas from the spherical storage tank, leakage of gas condensate from the cylindrical tanks, leakage of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) from the loading arm, and flare-off were selected for simulation.
Discussion and Conclusion: In the first scenario, the radiation resulting from fire and the shockwave of the spherical storage tank explosions affected a wide area of the refinery. In the second scenario, leakage of condensate gas from the adjacent wall to the cylindrical storage tanks is of certain significance. In the third scenario, the location of the loading platform is unsuitable. In the fourth scenario, the height of the flares is suitable and the release of toxic and flammable gases does not pose a significant consequence for the installations and people in connection. Reviewing the fire extinguisher systems, constant assessment of the lightning arrestors, and conducting firefighting drills are among the recommendations of this study.
