جانمايي بهينه‌ مخازن زباله‌هاي شهري با استفاده از GIS (مطالعه موردي: شهرشاهين‌دژ)

Optimal location of municipal wastes tanks using GIS (Case study: Shahindezh city)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻋﻬﺪهدار اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان را ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﻮﻗﺖ زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻣﺮي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري زﺑﺎﻟﻪ در ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ آراﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪفﻣﻨﺪي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺨﺎزن زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺑﺰار ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎ و ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت اﻣﺮي اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ رويﻫﻢ-ﮔﺬاري دﺳﺘﯽ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ زﯾﺎد دادهﻫﺎ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺨﺎزن زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 58 ﺑﻠﻮك در 4 ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ 12 ﻫﺰار ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﯿﻦدژ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از GPS، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﯿﻦدژ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ در دﺳﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺎزن زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ وزندﻫﯽ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ و رويﻫﻢﮔﺬاري ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار GIS، ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ 804 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺎزن در ﺷﻬﺮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه و ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺮدد ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻤﻊﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﯾﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﻪ دوﺳﺘﺪار ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ را اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد.

Background and Objective: Waste management is responsible for carrying out various processes to attract citizens' satisfaction. Proper placement of temporary storage tanks in the city is important. Therefore, the optimal location of municipal waste tanks is very important. In addition, not using waste storage tanks in suitable places can cause environmental damage and negative effects on the beauty of the city landscape. The purpose of this study is to locate municipal waste tanks using powerful tools of GIS. Analysis Method: Waste pollution and its dangers are inevitable for communities. Traditional methods such as manually overlay maps are not possible due to the large amount of data. So, in this research a powerful tool such as GIS has been used in locating municipal waste tanks. For this purpose, 58 blocks in 4 regions with a population of 12 thousand households in the city of Shahindezh in West Azerbaijan province have been studied. Findings: According to the map obtained from GPS, the location of the main tanks in the city of Shahindezh was investigated. With having information on population density, production waste per capita, observing the specified distances and using the geographic information system, the centers purposed for the waste location tanks in this study were determined. So that by weighting the layers and superimposing the layers of maps in GIS software, it resulted in providing 804 points for locating reservoirs in the city. Discussion and Conclusion: Looking at the findings and in order to prevent irregular traffic of garbage trucks, reduce fuel, reduce the environmental impact of waste accumulated in inappropriate places and maximize use of the appropriate perspective, using the results of this research, temporary waste storage tanks can be used in appropriate numbers in the right places and created a safe environment which to be environmentally friendly with high security factor.