بررسي و تعيين روند سه دهه تغييرات كاربري اراضي شهرستان انزلي با استفاده از GIS/RS

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻫﺎي آﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ روﻧﺪ ﺳﻪ دﻫﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺰﻟﯽ در ﺳﺎل 92 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺮدازش ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﻟﻨﺪﺳﺖ )+TM ،ETM( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1989 و 2000 و Aster ﺳﺎل 2011 ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ERDAS ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي در 6 ﮐﻼس ﭘﻮﺷﺶ / اراﺿﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺑﺎﯾﺮ، ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ، اراﺿﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﻻب و ﭘﻬﻨﻪ آﺑﯽ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ اوﻟﯿﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ دﻗﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم 6 ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﻃﯽ 3 دﻫﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﺎر ﯾﮏ روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ 10/64 درﺻﺪي در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ، 8/52 درﺻﺪي در اراﺿﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ و 11/54 درﺻﺪي در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎﯾﺮ را در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1989 ﺗﺎ 2011 و ﯾﮏ روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ 7/1 درﺻﺪي را در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي از ﺳﺎل 1989 ﺗﺎ 2021 و ﻋﻤﺪه ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آن را در اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺮز ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﯿﺪه ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ در ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن راﻣﺴﺮ )ﻣﺮز ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ( ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادن روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، اﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و ﭘﯿﺎده ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ آورد.

Background and Objective: Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning. Method: After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken in 1989, 2000 and in 2011)in order to demonstrates Anzali land use changes during 3 decades, each image was classified separately, in six classes of land uses/covers: 1- built-up areas, 2- agricultural, 3- barren, 4- forest, 5- wetland, and 6- water bodies and then, the primary land use map was extracted for each image. Having finished the image classification stage, accuracy of classification was determined and area coverage for all six types of land use within the Anzali were calculated over three decades. Findings: The results predicted a declining trend of 10.64% in forest, 8.52% in Anzali wetland and 11.54% in barren land during1989 to 2011, and also an increasing trend of 7.1% in urban areas for a time span 1989-2021. Major expansions in urban areas were witnessed around western and eastern borders of the city, particularly close to the eastern border. Scattered expansions were also predicted in Anzali wetlands registered in Ramsar Convention (Southern borders). Discussion and Conclusion: This study provides an opportunity to define and apply better strategies for environmental management of land use in order to make an optimized balance between urban development and ecological protection of environmental resources.