عوامل مؤثر بر ادراك زيبايي‌‌شناختي آثار نقاشي توسط زنان با استفاده از روش كيو (مطالعۀ موردي: شهرشيراز، سال 1399)

Factors Affecting the Aesthetic Perception of Paintings by Women Using the Q Method (Case study: Women of Shiraz, 2020)

افراد در حيطه اي عمومي زندگي مي كنند كه مؤلفه هاي اين حيطه ها بر شكلگيري رفتارهاي آنها در برابر آثار هنري اثر مي گذارند. تحليل اين مؤلفه ها ما را از نگرش افراد به‌عنوان مخاطب آثار هنري آگاه مي كند و سبب شناخت بيشتر عوامل تأثيرگذار بر شيوه هاي ادراكي آنها خواهد شد. ما در اين پژوهش به دنبال پاسخ‌گويي به اين پرسش هستيم كه زنان تابلوهاي نقاشي را چگونه درك و دريافت مي كنند و چه ويژگي هاي جامعه شناختي يكساني ميان شيوه هاي ادراكي يكسان ديده مي شود و در‌نهايت اين شيوه هاي ادراكي، تأكيد را بر كدام‌يك از ويژگي هاي زيبايي شناختي يا محتوايي تابلوهاي نقاشي خواهند نهاد. در پژوهش حاضر، كه از حيث هدف اكتشافي و از نظر روش تركيبي است، از روش طبقه بندي كيو استفاده شده است. در اين پژوهش، كه 14 نفر در آن شركت داشتند، پنج الگوي ذهني متفاوت در ادراك آثار نقاشي شناسايي شد كه با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه اي كه درخصوص ميزان مذهبي‌بودن و ارتباط با دنياي هنر تدوين شده بود مشخص شد هر‌يك از اين الگوهاي ذهني خود تحت‌تأثير متغيرهاي زمينه اي، روان‌شناختي يا ساختاري متفاوتي‌اند. در‌واقع، نگرش و سليقة افراد از زيبايي آثار هنري به ويژگي هاي فردي يا اجتماعي هر فرد بستگي دارد.

People are living in public sphere that its components can influence the formation of the individual attitudes toward works of art. Analysis of these components informs us about the attitude of people as the audience of art works and leads us to a better understanding of the factors affecting their perceptual methods. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the aesthetic perception of paintings. In this study, we were sought to answer these questions: how the audience of paintings perceives these works? Which sociological features among the similar perceptual methods are the same? an‎d finally, different perceptual methods in their taste emphasize on which formal and content aspects? In the present study, which was exploratory in terms of purpose and hybrid in terms of method, the Q classification method has been used. In this study, 14 people were participated; five different mental patterns were identified in the perception of paintings. Also using a questionnaire which was developed about the degree of religiosity and relationship with the art world, the amount of these variables was measured. The results showed that each of these mental patterns was influenced by the contextual, psychological, or structural variables are different. In fact, people's attitudes and tastes towards the beauty of art works depend on individual or structural characteristics of each person. Finally, it can be said that social and individual factors have a significant impact on aesthetic attitudes and tastes. It is necessary that in research about taste, in addition to economic, social and cultural capital, other factors such as marital status, field of study, the degree of connection with the art world and the reference personality of individuals should also be considered.