برآورد تمايل به پرداخت ماليات زيست‌محيطي بر بنزين با روش ارزش‌گذاري مشروط (CVM) در شهر مشهد

Estimation of willingness to pay environmental tax on gasoline by conditional valuation model (CVM) in Mashhad

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ در ﻣﻮرد آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. وﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﻫﺪاف زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و دﻓﻊ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدداﻧﺎن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮآورد ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻻﻫﺎ و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از روش ارزشﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺮوط )CVM( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻦﺳﻮز ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم اﻃﻼع دﻗﯿﻖ از ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 500 ﻧﻔﺮ راﻧﻨﺪه ﺧﻮدرو اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده از ﻣﯿﺎن اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود 77 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮاي ﺷﻬﺮ را دارﻧﺪ؛ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺪود 20 درﺻﺪ از اﻓﺮاد، ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﺣﺪود 3 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻗﺒﺎل ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ، ﺧﻮداﻇﻬﺎري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻦ دارد؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺬ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻃﻼعرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻔﺎفﺳﺎزي ﺿﺮورت وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت-ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد.

Background and Objective: Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objectives and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay an environmental tax on gasoline. Method: In this study, a conditional valuation method (CVM) is used to measure individuals' willingness to pay for goods and services. The statistical population of this research is gasoline-fueled cars in Mashhad in 2017, due to the lack of information on the number of vehicles, the number of unlimited society has been considered. In this study, 500 people were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. It’s validity was confirmed using content validity. Findings: The results indicate that 77 percent of all respondents tend to pay environmental taxes on urban air, while 22 percent of the population are not willing to pay any amount under the name of the pollution tax. Approximately 3% have not been self-reported regarding their willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the research findings, environmental beliefs has a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay tax on gasoline; therefore, it is suggested that cultural and informational platforms be developed before clarifying the need for environmental taxes before planning for such a tax.