تأثير پليمر سوپر جاذب بر برخي خواص شيميايي و فيزيكي خاك و ميزان آزادسازي عناصر غذايي از كود دامي در سطوح مختلف رطوبتي

Super Absorbent Polymer Effects on some Chemical and Physical Properties of Soil and Nutrients Releasing from Manure in Different Humidity Levels

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب وﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ دراﮐﺜﺮﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﯾﺮان، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن از ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب و ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راه ﮐﺎري ﻣﺆﺛﺮ درﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ وﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك و ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﯿﺮه رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﻮاص ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك و ﻣﯿﺰان آزادﺳﺎزي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ازﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ در ﺳﻄﻮح رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1393درﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 18 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار و ﺟﻤﻌﺎً 54 واﺣﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1- ﻧﻮع و ﻣﻘﺪار اﺻﻼح ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺪون اﺻﻼح ﮐﻨﻨﺪه )C(، ب( ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/2 درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ )A s0/2(، ج( ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/4 درﺻﺪ)As0/4) (A s0/4(، د( ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ)M(، م( ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/2 درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ)As 0/2 +M( و ﻫـ( ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/4 درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ)A s 0/4+M) (As 0/4 +M( و 2- رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 80 درﺻﺪ )h1( ،70درﺻﺪ )h2( و 60 درﺻﺪ )h3( رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/2 درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﻮاص ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك ازﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺒﺎدل ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮﻧﯽ وﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب و ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/4 درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ و ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 0/2 درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ دو درﺻﺪوزﻧﯽ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻮام 0/2 درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب و 2 درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻣﻄﻠﻮب در ﺳﻄﻮح رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮد.

Background and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause of water storage. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of super absorbent polymer on the amount of releasing of nutrients from manure in low humidity levels. Method: An experiment was conducted in a factorial form based on a completely randomized design with 18 treatments and three replications. The first factor was amendment type and amount including six levels consists of a) no amendment (C), b) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2 % W/W (AS0.2), g) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/W (AS0.4), d) manure in rate of 2%W/W (M), m) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W (AS0.2+M), h) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W (AS0.4+M). The second factor was humidity with three levels including 80 % (h1), 70% (h2) and 60% (h3) of field capacity. Findings: Results showed that application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W was more effective in improving chemical soil properties such as increasing available phosphorus, available potassium, field capacity and cation exchange capacity and decreasing available sodium. In most cases there was not significant difference between super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W and super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarded to results it can be suggested that joint application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W was the best treatment in low humidity levels