نقش حفاظت بر ويژگي‌هاي كمي و كيفي گونه آوري (Quercus macranthera C. A. Mey) در جنگل‌هاي رودبار استان گيلان

Effect of protection on quantity and quality characteristics of Persian oak (Quercus macranthera C. A. Mey) in Roudbar forests of Guilan province

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 95/5/24 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش:95/7/28 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اوري در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دارد و در ﺣﻔﻆ ﺧﺎك و ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي را اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭼﺮاي دام و ﺣﻀﻮر ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اوري در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي رودﺑﺎر اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 40 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 1000 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ )20 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه و 20 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه( ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ- ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺒﮑﻪ آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري 100 × 100 ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺧﺮداد 1394 ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﻧﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ و درﺧﺘﭽﻪاي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﯿﺎه، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺎج و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي اوري اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ زادآوري از ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﻼت 100 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺘﺎن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺧﺘﺎن، ﺣﺠﻢ و زادآوري ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اوري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﭽﻪاي آﻟﻮﭼﻪ )Pronus spinosa(، وﻟﯿﮏ )Crataeogus microphylla( و زرﺷﮏ )Berberis integgerima( در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﺎج و ﺗﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي اوري ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻗﻄﺮي در ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﮐﻢ ﻗﻄﺮ-ﻣﯿﺎن ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن اوري ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ دارﻧـﺪ، ﺣﻔـﻆ اﯾـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ارزشمند و ﺗﺪاوم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوج دام و ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن از روﯾﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ آن ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ.

Background and Objective: Quercus macranthera is extended in forest areas of the upper elevations in north of Iran and play an effective role in conserving soil and water infiltration. The biggest problem in the regions is livestock grazing and forest dwellers. The aim of this study was to study effects of protection on the quantity and quality characteristics of Persian oak(Quercus macranthera) in Roudbar forests of Guilan province. Method: In total, 40 plots of 1000 m2 (20 plots in protected area and 20 plots in unprotected area) were collected using randomized systematic method and grid sampling of 100 × 100 m. In each plot, number and type of tree and shrub species, diameter in breast height, height, crown position and trunk quality were measured. Also, a micro-plot of 100m2 in center of plots was used to calculate regeneration. Findings: The results showed that density of trees, the average of diameter at breast height, total basal area, plant height, volume and regeneration were significantly were higher in protected than unprotected areas. There were no differences in other tree species. Density of barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), Crataegus microphylla K. Koch and cherry plum (Prunus divaricata) were significantly higher in unprotected than protected area. Also, quality of crown and trunk were better in protected than unprotected area. Study of diameter classes in structure triangle showed that protected area located in irregular section and degraded area located in small-medium diameter section. Discussion and Conclusion: As Quercus macranthera trees play an important role in upper parts of the forest, maintaining this valuable species and continuity programs of livestock and human emersion is essential