پايش تغييرات سي ساله پوشش اراضي با استفاده از سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي GIS (مطالعه موردي: حوضه آبخيز قره سو، اردبيل)

Monitoring of Thirty Years of Land Cover Changes using Remote Sensing and GIS(Case study: Qaresu watershed, Ardabil)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از آن و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﻬﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻏﯿﺮ اﺻﻮﻟﯽ در آﯾﻨﺪه ﮔﺎم ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر آﯾﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﺳﻄﻮح وﺳﯿﻊ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽ اﻓﺘﺪ، ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ از دور اﺑﺰاري ﺿﺮوري و ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اراﺿﯽ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ در اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ از دور اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اراﺿﯽ ﻃﯽ ﺳﯽ ﺳﺎل از ﺳﺎل 1365 اﻟﯽ 1395 ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻟﻨﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎه ﺟﻮﻻي ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1985، 2000 و 2015 ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ و ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻗﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ DEM ،NDVI و ﻻﯾﻪ ﺷﯿﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و دﻗﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﺎﭘﺎ و ﺻﺤﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. -1395ﺳﯽ ﺳﺎل ) درﺻﺪ و در41/426 (1380-1395دوره دوم ) درﺻﺪ، در20/43 (1365-1380دوره اول ) ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ:27/99 (1365 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ دوره ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زراﻋﺖ دﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻗﺪرت ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻟﻨﺪﺳﺖ در ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ و ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ NDVI، ارﺗﻔﺎع و درﺻﺪ ﺷﯿﺐ ﻗﺪرت ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ.

Background and Objective: Studying the extent of change and destruction in resources in previous can contribute to efficient planning and utilization of these resources and limiting similar adverse changes in the future. Since changes in resources occur over large expanses of land, remote sensing technology can serve as a essential and valuable tool for monitoring these changes. The purpose of this study was to monitor the land cover changes in Qaresu watershed in Ardabil province using the remote sensing technique. Methods: In this study land cover changes was consulted in 30 years from 1985 to 2015. Landsat images of the study area pertaining to July 1985, 2000 and 2015 were acquired. After geometric and elevation corrections, the images were classified by the supervised approach using the maximum likelihood method. The NDVI index, DEM, and slope layers were used to enhance the image classification accuracy. Classification accuracy was assessed with Kappa index and overall accuracy indexes. Findings: The results showed 20.43% change in the watershed’s land uses over the period from 1985 to 2000, 41.426% over the period from 2000 to 2015, and 27.99% over the period from 1985 to 2015. In all three periods, the greatest changes were in dry farming. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed despite high capability of Landsat images in mapping land use, using additional layers like NDVI, elevation and slope percent can improve separation accuracy of land using