تعيين باقي‌مانده سموم آلي كلره در رسوبات رودخانه‌هاي گوهر رود و زرجوب رشت وارزيابي خطرات آن‌ها

Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments of Rasht Rivers and their hazard assessment

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان 19 ﻧـﻮع ﺳـﻢ ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﮐﻠﺮه )OCPs( ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﭘﺮوﻓﺎﯾﻞ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﺮﻃﺎن زاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒـﺎت ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﮐﻠﺮه )OCPs( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر درﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري و ﺗﺠﻤـﻊ در ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺳﻤﯿّﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻤﻮم ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش ﻣﯿﮑﺮواﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣـﺎﯾﻊ - ﻣـﺎﯾﻊ و ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﮔﺎزي ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن ﺷﻌﻠﻪ (GC-FID) و ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﯿﺒﺮاﺳﯿﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺳﻤﻮم ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﮐﻠﺮه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰﻫﺎ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﻤﻮم ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﮐﻠﺮه در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﺳﻮب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ng/g 60/2-2/6 ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 20ng/g اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻤﺪه آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﭙﺘﺎﮐﻠﺮ DDTs، HCHs و Endosulfans ﺑﻮده و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﻻﯾﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اﯾﺰوﻣﺮ DDE دررﺳﻮﺑﺎت رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﯿﺮﺑﺎزار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ از ورودي ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻣﺼﺎرف ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﮐﻪ وﻗﻮع ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه DDTs و HCHs ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد وﺳﯿﻊ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻤﻮم در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Background and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcinogenic compounds. OCPs as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) haskhown vast distribution, persistence and accumulation in the environment. Their high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms are a significant threat to human health and biodiversity. Method: Identify and determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides analysis were conducted on bed sediment samples by liquid-liquid micro extraction method and then by gas chromatography flame ionization (GC-FID) and via external standard calibration curve drawing. Findings:Based on the analysis, total concentration of OCPs is in the range of 2.6-60.2 ng/g, with an average of 20 ng/g. The main sources of pollution are Heptachlor, HCHs, DDTs and Endosulfans and highest contamination of the dominant pollutant DDE isomers belonges to sediments of Pir Bazar River. Discussion and Conclusion: The results are showed that there were various amounts of new and past entries. The analysis shows that the potential source of high levels of DDTs and HCHs residues of pesticides returns to the pastconsumptions.