امكان سنجي آب درياي خزر براي كشت يونجه‌هاي يك‌ساله (Medicago spp.) در مناطق جلگه‌اي مازندران

Feasibility study of Caspian Sea water for the cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) In Mazandaran plain areas

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آب درﯾﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﯾﮑﯽ از راهﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آب درﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮر ﺑﻮده و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ آب درﯾﺎ ﺑﻮده ﺗﺎ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ را دارﻧﺪ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ در اراﺿﯽ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي ﺷﻮر ﭘﺴﻨﺪ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎري در ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ ) Medicago litoralis, Medicago , Medicago polymorpha, Medicag scutellata ( truncatula و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ آب ﺷﻮر درﯾﺎ )dS/m 0/6ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، dS/m ،6/4 dS/m ،3/8 dS/m 9/6 و dS/m 14/2( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ dS/m 3/8 وdS/m 6/4 و dS/m 9/6 اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ-داري )0/05 ≤ p( ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ M.Polymorpha و M. Scutellata و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي M. truncatula و M. litoralis دﯾﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺎز اﺳﺘﻘﺮار )60 روز( ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري )0/05 ≤ p( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ dS/m ،3/8 dS/m 6/4، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ M. polymorpha ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد وﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي M.polymorha و M.scutellata ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي از ﺧﻮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮري ﻧﺸﺎن داده و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ )0/05 ≤ p(.

Background and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of saline species with seawater so that plants with high forage yield and compatible with the environment can be selected and proposed for cultivation in coastal lands of Mazandaran. Method: In order to survey of halophyte forage plants characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted at Research Station of Sari Natural Resources Faculty in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. The test factors included four Medicag polymorpha, Medicag scutellata, Medicago litoralis, Medicago truncatula and five sea saline water levels (0.6, 3.8, 6.4, 9.6, and 14.2) ds/m. Findings: The result of Analysis of variance showed that germination percentage in electrical conductivity, 3.8, 6.4 and 9.6 ds/m, there was not seen a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between two species (M. polymorpha and M. scutellata) and species (M. truncatula and M. litoralis). During the establishment phase (60 days), there was a significant difference between each species (p ≤ 0.05). In electrical conductivity of 3.8 and 6.4, M. polymorpha species showed a significant difference with other species, but there was no significant difference between the other three species. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that M. polymorha, M.scutellata species show more tolerance in salinity conditions (p≤0.05).