معاهده منع سلاح هاي هسته اي: درناي كاغذي سپهر حقوق بين الملل؟

? Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty: A Paper Crane in the Sky of International Law

كنفرانس مجمع عمومي ملل متحد در سال 2017، با اتكا بر تلاش تحسين برانگيز برخي دولت ها و نيز سازمان هاي جامعه مدني، معاهده منع سلاح هاي هسته اي را به تصويب رساند. معاهده اي كه از هنگام انعقاد تا امروز، با مخالفت هاي گوناگوني به ويژه از سوي دولت هاي هسته اي و طرفداران دكترين بازدارندگي هسته اي مواجه شده است. كنوانسيون مزبور، با عدول از اين دكترين كه به طور خاص در معاهده عدم اشاعه سلاح هاي هسته اي نمودار است و با اتكا به اصول و مباني انسان دوستي و نيز موازين بين المللي حقوق بشر و حقوق بشردوستانه، كاربرد سلاح هاي هسته اي و وسايل انفجاري هسته اي را منع مي كند. در اين مقاله، فرآيند تصويب اين سند و نيز محتواي معاهده و آثار آن بر حقوق بين الملل را به بحث گذاشته ايم.

On July 2017, as a result of a humanitarian discourse the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) was adopted by the UNGA Conference to ensure that nuclear weapons are never used again and are completely eliminated. Many States and NGOs supported this initiative and some others including the Nuclear States heavily criticized it because in their view the TPNW could undermine the legitimacy of nuclear deterrence and the strategic stability established by the NPT. The TPNW, with reference to general principles of IHL and IHRL includes a comprehensive set of prohibitions on participating in any nuclear weapon activities. These include undertakings not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. This article, while reviewing the contents of the TPNW, will discuss the impacts of the new treaty on international law of nuclear weapons. The TPNW, with reference to general principles of IHL and IHRL includes a comprehensive set of prohibitions on participating in any nuclear weapon activities. These include undertakings not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. This article, while reviewing the contents of the TPNW, will discuss the impacts of the new treaty on international law of nuclear weapons.