ارزيابي شاخص هاي رقابتي در كشت مخلوط چاي ترش- ماش در نظام هاي مختلف خاك ورزي

Evaluation of competitive indices in roselle- mung bean intercropping under various tillage systems

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش و ﻣﺎش در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﺪون ﺷﺨﻢ، ﺷﺨﻢ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ )دﯾﺴﮏ(، ﺷﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ و دﯾﺴﮏ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﺎش،50 درﺻﺪ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش ﺑﻌﻼوه 50 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎش، 75 درﺻﺪ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش ﺑﻌﻼوه 25 ﻣﺎش، 25 درﺻﺪ ﭼ ﺎي ﺗﺮش ﺑﻌﻼوه 75 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎش در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ؛ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ و ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي )3/02( و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )2/51( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط 75 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎش ﺑﻌﻼوه 25 درﺻﺪ ﭼ ﺎي ﺗﺮش )4/63( ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎكورزي ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪون ﺷﺨﻢ )0/79( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎك ورزي در ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫ ﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي و ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط 75 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎش ﺑﻌﻼوه 25درﺻﺪ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش )1/69( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 75 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎش ﺑﻌﻼوه 25درﺻﺪ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﭼﺎي ﺗﺮش ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎش ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد.

To examine the intercropping system of roselle with mung bean, a field experiment was carried out at the research farm of the University of Zabol. Split plot experiment performed on the basis of an RCBD with three replications. The main plot consisted of three tillage systems (no-till, minimum and conventional tillage) and the subplot was 5 planting ratios (sole culture of roselle and mung bean, 50% roselle + 50% mung bean, 25% roselle + 75% mung bean, 75% roselle + 25% mung bean). The parameters studied in this experiment included land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), completive index and dominance index. The highest RCC was obtained at no-till (3.02) and the lowest RCC was obtained in conventional tillage (2.51). The highest RCC was obtained at 25% roselle + 75% mung bean (4.63). Among different tillage systems, the greatest dominance index of roselle was obtained from the no-till system (0.79). The interaction of tillage systems and different ratios of intercropping showed that the highest dominance index for roselle was obtained from no-till and intercropping of 75% mung bean + 25% roselle (1.69). The highest LER was obtained in plants grown at 75% mung bean + 25% roselle. Comparison of competitive indices of intercropping of roselle and mung bean showed that roselle with higher economic yield is more competitive than mung bean.