بررسي ارتباط درك ريسك، منابع و ميزان استرس شغلي با حوادث شغلي در يكي از صنايع فولاد استان گيلان

Investigating the Relationship between Risk Perception, Resources and Rate Occupational Stress with Occupational Accidents in one of the Guilan steel industries

استرس شغلي و درك ريسك بعنوان شناخته شده ­­­­ترين عوامل اثرگذار بر ايمني و بهداشت كاركنان و رخداد حوادث شغلي مي­باشد. از طرفي ديگر حوادث شغلي نيز تأثير بسيار نامطلوب بر عملكرد سازمان­­ها، شركت­­ها و منابع انساني آنها دارند. اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي ارتباط بين درك ريسك، منابع و ميزان استرس شغلي با حوادث شغلي در يكي از صنايع فولاد استان گيلان انجام گرديد. روش بررسي: اين مطالعه از نوع تحليلي مورد- شاهد بود كه در جامعه 700 نفري از كاركنان خط توليد نورد يك صنعت فولاد انجام گرفت. با استفاده از جدول مورگان تعداد نمونه اين تحقيق 248 نفر بدست آمد. تعداد 81 نفر افراد حادثه ديده طي سال92 تا 96 بعنوان گروه مورد و تعداد 167 نفر بعنوان گروه شاهد( حادثه نديده) بصورت تصادفي تعيين شدند. مشاركت كنندگان با رضايت پرسشنامه50 سؤالي منابع استرس شغلي و 20 سؤالي ميزان استرس شغلي ديويس و پرسشنامه 133سؤالي درك ريسك فلين را تكميل نمودند. آناليز داده ­ها با نسخه 20 نرم افزار SPSS انجام گرديد. يافته­ ها: همه نمونه­ هاي مطالعه مرد بودند. درگروه مورد و شاهد بيشترين مدرك تحصيلي ديپلم بود،93 درصد افراد متأهل و 72 درصد نوبت­كاري داشتند. نتايج نشان داد كه بين هركدام از مشخصات دموگرافيك نظير نوبت­كاري، وضعيت تأهل و مدرك تحصيلي با متغير­هاي استرس شغلي و درك ريسك در بين هر يك از دو گروه مورد و شاهد تفاوت معناداري وجود نداشت (05/0 p>). ميانگين استرس شغلي در گروه مورد و شاهد به ترتيب برابر 02/54 و 09/48 بود و از نظر آماري ارتباط معناداري بين حوادث شغلي و ميزان استرس شغلي وجود داشت (05/0 p<). همچنين مقدار نسبت شانس (4/1Odds Ratio=) بدست آمد كه نشان داد استرس شغلي، شانس رخداد حوادث را 40 درصد افزايش مي­دهد. نمره كلي منابع استرس شغلي براي گروه مورد و شاهد به ترتيب 8/127و4/121بدست آمد اين نمره در دو گروه تفاوت آماري معناداري را نشان نداد (05/0

: Occupational stress and risk perception are considered as the most well-known factors affecting the safety and health of employees and the occurrence of occupational accidents. On the other hand, occupational accidents also have a very undesirable effect on the performance of organizations, companies and their human resources. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between risk perception, resources and level of occupational stress and occupational accidents in one of the steel industries in Guilan Province. Methods: This research was a case-control analytical study carried out among 700 steel rolling workers in a steel industry. The sample number was 248 based on the Morgan table. The number of 81 workers with work-related injuries during 2013-2017 were assigned as the case group and 167 workers without work-related injuries were randomly selected as the control group. Participants with informed consent completed 3 questionnaires as a 50-item questionnaire for sources of job stress, a 20-item Davis’s questionnaire for job stress and a 133 –item Flynn’s questionnaire for risk perception. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20. results: All study samples were male. The most of participants had the diploma degree, 93% were married, and 72% were shift workers. The results showed that there was no significant difference between each of the demographic characteristics such as shift work, marital status and education degree with occupational stress and risk perception variables for both the case and control groups. The mean occupational stress in the case and control groups was 54.02 and 48.09, respectively and there was a statistically significant relationship between occupational accidents and level of occupational stress (p value < 0.05). Also, the value of odds ratio was obtained 1.4, which showed that job stress increased the probability of accident by 40%. The overall score of sources of job stress for the case and control groups were 127.8 and 121.4, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups, but in some areas the difference was significant (p value <0.05). The highest difference was observed in the heavy duty of the role (p <0.05). The case and control groups respectively received 66% and 61.8% of the risk perception score that showed there was a significant difference between the case and control group score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant and direct relationship between sources and levels of job stress and occupational accidents and the workers with work-related injuries had a higher risk perception than non-injured workers. One of the important functions of risk perception is its positive effect on the analysis of environmental data and occupational processes and appropriate decision making, as well as improvement of the effective reactive approach in the workplace. One of the important results of this research was demonstrating the relationship of risk perception on workers’ experience of accidents and environmental safety issues. The transfer of experience and the development of an experience-based learning program are effective in increasing the level of risk perception of workers and in strengthening the reactive approach to workplace events and is directly effective in reducing the number and severity of occupational accidents. Identifying sources of job stress in the workplace and eliminating, controlling or modifying it, as well as implementing an operational plan for managing job stress and promoting workers' risk perception, are effective in reducing employee stress and accordingly in reducing the incidence of occupational accidents and thus promoting the level of physical and mental health and the level of productivity of employees and the reduction of occupational injuries and associated direct and indirect cost