پهنه بندي با روش تفسير چشمي در Google Earth (مطالعه موردي: منطقه ليپار، چابهار)

Zoning By Eye Interpretation in Google Earth (Case Study: Lipar Region, Chabahar)

ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﯾﮏ روش ﮐﺎﻣﻠﺎً ﻣﻘﺒﻮل ﺑﺮاي دور ﻧﮕﻪداﺷـﺘﻦ ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﺖﮔـﺮدان از ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴـﺎس و ارزﺷـﻤﻨﺪ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻫﺪاﻓﯽ ﭼﻮن؛ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻟﯿﭙﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ از ﺗﻨﻮعزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Google Earth و روش ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ در ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ، ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨـﺪي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻟﯿﭙﺎر ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻃﯽ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﻋﮑﺴﺒﺮداري از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﯾﺎب ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﮐﻨﺘﺮل زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻘﺸﻪ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ArcGIS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 10/3 ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺣﯿﺎتوﺣﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻟﯿﭙﺎر داراي13 ﻧﻮع ﭘﻬﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﭘﻬﻨـﻪ ﻧﻤﮑـﺰار داراي ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ درﺻـﺪ و ﺑﻮﺗـﻪزار و ﻋﻠﻔﺰار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ از ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﻘﺪار 2/67 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎزﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﻫـﻢﭼـﻮن ﺳـﺎﺣﻞ ﻣﺎﺳـﻪاي، ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺻـﺨﺮهاي و ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ داراي ﭘﻮﺷﺶﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎﻟﺎب، زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس ﺣﯿﺎتوﺣﺶ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، در اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 4 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، 6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه و 2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ.

Zoning is a well-accepted method of keeping nature walkers away from ecologically sensitive and valuable areas. In this research, considering objectives such as; Introduction and feasibility study of Lipar region for tourism development, protection of biodiversity of the region and evaluation of the capabilities of Google Earth software and method of visual interpretation in simulation of regions, zoning of Lipar region was discussed. Ground control points were recorded during field visits and photographs of the area with the Global Positioning System. The ground reality map, the final zoning map and the calculation of the share of each zone were prepared in ArcGIS software version 10.3. Identification of vegetation and wildlife of the area was done through direct observation using a random method. The results of the analysis of the final classification map of the region showed that Lipar has 13 types of zones and the salt field has the lowest percentage and shrublands and grasslands with low density have the highest percentage. Also, 2.67% of the area has been affected by human construction. The results showed that areas such as sandy beaches, rocky areas and areas with vegetation on the surface of the lagoon are considered sensitive wildlife habitats. Also, in this study, 4 plant species, 6 bird species and 2 reptile species were identified.