ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺳﻨﮓﺷﮑﻦﻫﺎ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺸﺎر ﯾﺎﺳﻮج

Primary Environmental Impact Assessment of Sand Extraction and Crusher Factories in Bashar Riverbed of Yasouj

رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺣﻀﻮر ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮ را ﺟﻠﻮهﮔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﺎﻧﺪن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣـﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾـﺪ. رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﺎوه ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ ﺧـﻮد ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺸﺮي دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد ﺑﻬـﺮهﺑـﺮداري ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آنﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ در رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ در ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﮔﻞآﻟﻮدي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺣﯿﺎت آﺑﺰﯾﺎن و ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺳﺴﺖ ﺷـﺪن ﮐﻨﺎرهﻫـﺎي ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾـﺪ ﺳـﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و... ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴـﺘﺎن 1397 ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪي ﺑﺸﺎر ﮐـﻪ در ﻣﺤـﺪودهي ﺷـﻬﺮ ﯾﺎﺳـﻮج ﻗـﺮار دارد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪوده 9 ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪي ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺠﺎز از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ادارهي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ ﯾﺎﺳـﻮج و ﺗﺼـﺎوﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﮔـﻞ ارث ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺳﻨﮓﺷﮑﻦﻫﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧـﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪودي اﺣﯿـﺎ ﺷـﺪه و ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﺰﯾـﺎن و ﭘﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ.

Urban rivers are one of the most important spaces that potentially reflect the presence of nature in the city and provide the ability to draw natural elements among the artificial elements. In addition to their natural changes, rivers undergo many changes due to human activities. One of the most important changes that are imposed on rivers is the improper use of their resources for use in construction activities. Thousands of tons of sand are harvested daily from the bed and banks of the country's rivers, which has various negative consequences. Among the most important of these consequences are the changes in the morphology of the river, river mud and threat to the life of aquatic animals and birds, loosening of the bed edges and threats to the inhabitants of the river, destruction of structures around the river, reduced tourism and ...This study was conducted in the summer of 1397 and the study area in this study was part of the Bashar River, which is located within the city of Yasuj. There are 9 sand factories in this area, all of which were illegally extracting sand from the riverbed. According to the pictures taken by the Environment Department of Yasuj city, the changes in the river during sand extraction and after the closure of the factories were identified. The results showed that after the closure of the factories, the vegetation of the river area was somewhat restored and the aquatic and bird species found a better situation in terms of quantity and quality characteristics.