ارزيابي ريسك هاي زيست محيطي تالاب هاي پلدختر بر اساس مدل EFMEA

Environmental Risk Assessment of Poldokhtar Wetlands Based on Model EFMEA

ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺑﺰار ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و اﺛﺮات ﮔﺴﺘﺮده آنﻫﺎ را ﺷـﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ درﺳﺖ و دﻗﯿﻖ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري آنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اﺻﻮﻟﯽﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـــﺘﯽ آنﻫﺎ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺳـــﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﺪﺧﺘﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ اﺳــﺎس روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺎت ﺷــﮑﺴــﺖ EFMEA اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﯾﺴــﮏ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات زﯾﺴــﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷــﮑﺎر و ﺻــﯿﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﺪﺧﺘﺮ در ﺳــﻪ دﺳــﺘﻪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 17 ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع، ﺷﺪت وﻗﻮع و ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ اﺛﺮ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻋﺪدي ﻫﺮ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮ اﺳــﺎس داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات، ردهﻫﺎ در ﭘﻨﺞ دﺳــﺘﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ: آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﻧﯿﺰارﻫﺎ و زﻫﮑﺸﯽ ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎي ﮔﻮري ﺑﻠﻤﮏ و ﭘﯿﮑﻪ، از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎر رﺳﻮب ﻣﻌﻠﻖ، ﺧﺸــﮑﺴــﺎﻟﯽﻫﺎي دورهاي و ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ در آﺑﺨﻮان ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ: ﺳــﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﺮش و داﻧﺶ زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎس و ﻣﺤﯿﻂﺑﺎن ﺗﺎﻟﺎﺑﯽ در اداره ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن و اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﻟﺎب ﻫﺎي 11 ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﺪﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 88/2 درﺻﺪ از رﯾﺴﮏ در رده ﺑﺪون رﯾﺴــﮏ، رﯾﺴــﮏ ﮐﻢ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 18/8 درﺻــﺪ رﯾﺴــﮏﻫﺎ در ﺣﺪ رﯾﺴــﮏ زﯾﺎد و ﺑﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻓﻮري از ﺳﻮي ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯿﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻧﮕﻪداري از ﺗﺎﻟﺎبﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮات اﯾﻦ رﯾﺴﮏﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Environmental Impact Assessment is an important management tool that identifies natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards and their wide-ranging impacts and determines appropriate control calculations. Correct and accurate knowledge one of the threatening factors of wetlands Based on their importance and impact can provide the basis for preventing and counteracting these factors more precisely, as well as preparing and implementing wetland conservation and environmental management plans. The vulnerability assessment method of Poldokhtar wetlands in this study is based on EFMEA failure states analysis method. for this purpose, first identify the most important environmental risks and threats in the hunting and hunting area of Poldokhtar wetlands in three categories of ecological, hydrological and social threats to 17 threats, then based on three variables: "probability, severity and extent of impact" Numerical values of each threat were determined and ranked according to the range of changes in five categories. The results showed that ecologically: wildfires and drainage in Gori Balmak and Piqué wetlands, hydrologically threatening to increase suspended sediment load, periodic droughts, and drilling deep and semi-deep wells in wetlands and social aquifers: low levels Environmental attitudes and knowledge of wetlands by the local community, lack of expert and wetland environments in the Department of Environment of the city and province are the most important threats in the 11 wetlands ecosystem of Poldokhtar. Overall, 88.2 percent of the risks were classified as risk-free, low- and medium-risk, and only 18.8 percent were high and infinite, requiring immediate action by wetland conservation and mitigation authorities.