ارزيابي زيستگاه پايكا Ochotona rufescens در حوضه آبخيز آدرشك (استان يزد- شيركوه)

Habitat Suitability Assessment for Pika (Ochotona Rufescense) In Adoroshk Watershed (Yazd Province – Shirkuh)

ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮑﯽ از ارﮐﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺣﯿﺎتوﺣﺶ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺎﯾﮑـﺎ )Ochotona rufescens در ﺣﻮﺿﻪآﺑﺨﯿﺰ آدرﺷﮏ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸـﯿﻨﻪ )MaxEnt( اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ اﺻﻮل ﮐﺎرﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ از ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ژﺋﻮرﻓﺮﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﺮز ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻣﺪل رﻗـﻮﻣﯽ ارﺗﻔـﺎع )Dem( ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿـﻪ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﯿﺐ و داﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﻟﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤـﯿﻂزﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ از ﻧﺮماﻓـﺰار ArcGIS ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ 10,3 اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﺑـﺮداري، ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و دورﺑﯿﻦ دوﭼﺸﻤﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ در ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎل 1398 اﻧﺠـﺎم و ﺗﻌﺪاد 33 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﭘﺎﯾﮑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﯾﺎب ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳـﻄﺢ زﯾـﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﯽ )AUC( و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آزﻣﻮن ﺟﮏﻧﺎﯾﻒ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺎﯾﮑﺎ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪآﺑﺨﯿﺰ آدرﺷﮏ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﺨﺮهاي و ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻢﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻋﻠﻔـﯽ، ﺑﻮﺗـﻪاي و درﺧﺘﭽـﻪ، در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮ از 2500 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ و ﺷﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از 50 درﺻﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﺎﯾﮑـﺎ ﺗﯿـﭗ ﻣﻌﺘـﺪل ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﯾﮑﺎ، 275 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر )17/46 درﺻﺪ( از زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در آدرﺷﮏ، ﭘﺎﯾﮑﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ را ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ.

Habitat assessment is one of the pillars of wildlife management and protection. In the study, the evaluation of Pika habitat in Adoroshk watershed was performed using the maximum entropy algorithm model (MaxEnt). According to the principles of cartography from the geographic reference map topography to extract the boundary of the region, the digital height model for the preparation of the classified map (Dem) of elevation changes, Slope and geographical domain were used. In order to prepare the environmental layers to enter the model MaxEnt, ArcGis software version 10.3 was used. Sampling was performed using random linear transect method and binoculars through direct observation of cheeks and indexes in spring and summer of 2019 and the number 33 points of Pika,s presence were recorded by GPS. Validation of the model was performed using the area under the curve (AUC) and the usefulness of the variables by analyzing the Jacknife test. The results showed that the desirability of Paika habitat in the Adoroshk watershed is mainly in rocky and mountainous areas with grass and shrubs at altitudes above 2500 meters above sea level and slopes. It is more than 50%. The climate was considered suitable for temperate pike. Favorable areas for Paika constitute 275 hectares (17.46%) of the habitat. It was also found that in Adoroshk, Paikas prefer the western slope.