بررسي اثر كاهش سميت آلودگي نفتي توسط باكتري‌هاي تجزيه‌كننده نفت خام همزيست با شكم‌پا جداسازي شده از خليج فارس بر روي كيفيت محصولات غذايي دريايي

ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. زﯾﺮا ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود 25000 ﺗﺎﻧﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻔﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻧﺸﺖ و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻔﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎد اﺳﺖ. راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﻮران درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ درك ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫـﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺖ در ﺷﮑﻢﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺪاران درﯾﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﺧﺎرك در ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓـﺎرس ﺟﻤـﻊآوري ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫـﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ از 4 دوره ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻏﻨﯽﺳﺎزي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ONR7a از ﺟﺎﻧﺪاران ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺟﺪا ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫـﺎي ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم و اﺳﭙﮑﺘﻮﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. اﺛـﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺳـﻤﯿّﺖ ﻓﻠـﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﯿﮕﻮ ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، 2 ﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ-ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﻧﻔـﺖ ﺧـﺎم IAUK3585 و IAUK3586 از ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺷـﮑﻢﭘـﺎ ﺟﺪاﺳـﺎزي ﺷــﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﺳـﻮﯾﻪﻫـﺎ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧـﻪThalassospira profundimaris ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﺳﻮﯾﻪ IAUK3586 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم را داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻤﯿّﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐـﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﯽ و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨـﺪه در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﻮﺿـﭽﻪ ﺑـﺪون ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه و واﺟﺪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻔﺘﯽ و ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻢ ﭘﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ روي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﯿﮕﻮ دارد

The Persian Gulf is the most important marine environment in the world. Because annually about 25000 oil tankers transfer in this Gulf and oil spill and pollution are so much in this area. The relationship between marine animals and degrading bacteria not well understand. The aim of this study is the characterization of symbiont crude oil-degrading bacteria in some Gastropods in the Persian Gulf. Gastropods were collected from five stations at the Persian Gulf. Symbiont crude oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from collected Gastropod by enrichment in ONR7a medium after 4 subcultures. The isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The effect of reducing the toxicity of heavy metals and the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons on farmed fish and shrimp meat was investigated by decomposing bacteria. The degradation of crude oil was determined by spectrophotometry methods for each strain. In this study, 2 crude oil-degrading bacteria IAUK3585, IAUK3586 were isolated from Gastropod. The efficient strain that had the Thalassospira profundimaris and strain IAUK3586 the efficient strain that had the highest crude oil degradation belonged to genera. The results of reducing the toxicity of heavy metals and the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons proved that the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the pond with decomposing bacteria compared to the pond without decomposing bacteria and oil contamination and the pond without any These conditions were significantly reduced. This result proves that the decomposing bacteria that coexist with the abdomen have a significant effect on increasing the quality of fish and shrimp meat.