پديد آورندگان :
حمزه نژاد، مهدي دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , نخعي شريف، اميرمسعود دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , عزيزي قومي، هانيه دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي
كليدواژه :
روح مكان شولتز , پديدارشناسي , شهر ايراني-اسلامي , باغشهر صفوي
چكيده فارسي :
نظر به ديدگاه نوربرگ شولتز، هويت معماري شهرهاي باستاني بين چهار الگوي كيهاني، رمانتيك، كلاسيك و مركب تقسيم و روح مكان شهرهاي اسلامي در گستره شهرهاي كيهاني قرار مي گيرد. اما آيا شهرهاي ايراني-اسلامي همه داري روح كيهاني هستند؟ الگوي آن ها با توجه به الگوي ساختاري نظريه شولتز چيست؟آيا ابعاد فرهنگي و معنايي ناشي از بستر محيطي را هم مي-توان در محيط¬هاي اسلامي پذيرفت و تسري داد؟ در اين تحقيق تلاش شده با بازنگري در نظريه روح مكان و بررسي شهرهاي ايران الگوي آن ها كشف و بومي سازي شود. در فرايند طراحي استفاده از الگوهاي بومي منطقه كمك شاياني به باززنده سازي هويت مكان مي كند، هويتي كه امروزه با توجه به گسترش طراحي¬هاي غير مربوط در حال كمرنگ تر شدن است. پژوهش حاضر با بهره گيري از مطالعات ميان‌رشته‌اي به‌صورت كيفي، پديدارشناسي و كتابخانه اي و ارتباط با مطالعات اقليمي، منظر، شهرسازي و تأثير روانشناسي بر اين مؤلفه‌ها تلاش مي كند روح مكان موجود در شهرهاي ايراني-اسلامي را معرفي و بدين ترتيب تئوري شولتز را مورد بازبيني قرار دهد. در اين پژوهش شهرهاي ايراني در چهارچوب نظريه شولتز بررسي و گونه شناسي اين شهرها از دو منظر موضع شناسي و سيماشناسي صورت مي گيرد؛ در حقيقت ساختار اين نظريه ظرفي براي تعريف هويت اسلامي شهرها است. نتايج حاكي از آن است كه هر چهار الگو در شهرهاي ايراني- اسلامي قابل‌تعريف است و تحت تأثير عواملي چون اقليم شهر، اعتقادات و فرهنگ، تمدن و شهرسازي گذشته شكل گرفته است. در اين ميان باغشهر صفوي با داشتن روح مكان مركب، به‌عنوان يك آرمانشهر براي شهرهاي ايراني- اسلامي الگو است.
واژه‌هاي كليدي:
چكيده لاتين :
According to Christine Norberg Schultz, the architectural identity of ancient cities splits itself into four
cosmic, romantic, classical, and compound patterns.
But does this view applies also to Iranian-Islamic cities? Schultz introduces genius loci of the space in Islamic cities in his classification of cosmic cities, but a
quick look at the Islamic urban planning system reveals that this theory can be completely modified, at
least in the geographical area of Iran. Do all Iranian
cities possess a cosmic spirit? What is the model of
Iranian cities according to the structural model of the
theory of genius loci? Can the cultural and semantic
dimensions of the environmental context proposed in
this theory be accepted and generalized to Islamic environments? In this study, an attempt has been made
to explore Iranian cities and pinpoint their urban
model, and to localize this theory in Iran. The use of
indigenous urban patterns in urban design is one of
the valuable methods in this category that can help
design and shape an identifiable city. Today, due to
the spread of designs unrelated to the identity of cities and the disappearance of urban features, this
identity is increasingly diminishing. The use of urban
patterns is one of the useful methods in recovering
this identity and characteristics. To this end, the present study, using qualitative interdisciplinary studies,
phenomenology and library studies and considering
climate, landscape and urban studies and the impact
of psychology on these components, attempts to pin
down the genius loci existing in Iranian-Islamic urban
spaces, thus revising Schultz’s theory. Thus, Schultz’s
point of view and the theory of genius loci are first
examined. This study analyzes Iranian cities using this
theory in four forms: romantic, cosmic, classical, and
the composition of his choice. According to the typology of these cities, the studies are carried out from
two perspectives: positional and semiotic, and in fact,
the structure of Schultz’s theory has furnished a medium for defining the indigenous Islamic identity. The
results show that all four of Schultz’s models can be
defined in Iranian-Islamic cities, so that the character
and genius loci of each city are shaped by such factors
as climate, beliefs and culture, civilization and past
urban planning. Northern cities and some western
and northwestern cities with humid climates have the
genius loci of romantic places, central cities with dry
climates represent the genius loci of cosmic places
and northern cities and some central and western
cities reveal the genius loci of classical places.
The original idea of the City Garden in Western
urban planning to create sustainable complexes was
further linked to the environment in the 19th century.
This plan in the Middle East contains a spiritual concept and was proposed in order to create an earthly
paradise. Safavid Garden City, with its composite
spirit, is a model for Iranian-Islamic cities as a utopia
