مروري بر اثرات تمرين تناوبي با شدت بالا بر هورمون‌هاي مرتبط با چاقي

Review the Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Obesity- Related Hormones

مقدمه: ﭼﺎﻗﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ دﻧﯿـﺎ ﺑﻮده و ﺷﯿﻮع آن در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺴﺘﺮش مي­باشد. در ﺳﺎل­ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭼﺎﻗﻲ و ﻋﻮارض سوخت و سازي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﭼﺎقي، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ به ﻋﻨﻮان بافتي ﺳﺎﻛﻦ و ﺻﺮﻓاً ذﺧﻴﺮه كنندۀ اﻧﺮژي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ­ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ سوخت و سازي، ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻏﺪد، ﺑﺎفت­ﻫﺎي سوخت و سازي، عوامل ﺗﺮﺷﺤﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ را ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ميﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﻫﺎي اﺗﻮكراين، ﭘﺎراكراين و اﻧﺪوﻛﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤيط خارج سلولي، دارند. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، فعاليت ﺟﺴﻤاني، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ سوخت و سازي از ﻋﻠﻞ اﺻلي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن و چاقي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ­ﺷﻮند و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ وﯾﮋگي­ﻫﺎي ژنتيكي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮐﻠﯽ، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ مازاد در ﺑﺪن در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﺑﯿﻦ درﯾﺎفت اﻧﺮژي و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ميﺷﻮد. انتخاب مناسب تمرينات بدني، عاملي مهم در تغيير شيوه زندگي كودكان و نوجوانان چاق و شاخصي موثر در كنترل و درمان چاقي محسوب مي­شود. نتيجه گيري: فعاليت بدني موجب ايجاد يك تعادل منفي در انرژي مي­شود، اين رويداد به دليل افزايش مصرف انرژي است. پژوهش­هاي اخير نشان مي­دهد تمرين تناوبي با شدت بالا (HIIT)، يك وضعيت بي اشتهايي زودگذر ايجاد مي­كند كه براي مدت كمي پس از فعاليت ورزشي احساس گرسنگي را به تعويق مي­اندازد، اما اين اثر كوتاه مدت است. از سوي ديگر HIIT در تغيير انرژي مصرفي از طريق تغيير در سيگنال­هاي گرسنگي و اشتهايي و همچنين پپتيدهاي تنظيمي در سطوح سيگنال­هاي كوتاه تا بلند مدت افراد چاق نقش دارد، از در اين مقاله مروري اثر بخشي HIIT در افراد چاق گزارش شده است.

Introduction: Nowadays, obesity is one of the health problems in the world, the incidence of which is spreading. In recent years, with the spread of obesity and metabolic complications caused by obesity, much scientific attention has been paid to the study of adipose tissue. Today, adipose tissue is not considered a static tissue that stores only energy, but is considered a metabolically active tissue. Like the glandular system, metabolic tissues secrete various secretory factors that have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions depending on the extracellular environment. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and metabolic status are the main causes of overweight and obesity; in turn overweight and obesity are also affected by genetic traits. As a general rule, excess body fat is the result of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Conclusion: Proper selection of exercises is an important factor in changing the lifestyle of obese children and adolescents and is an effective indicator in the control and treatment of obesity. Physical activity creates a negative energy balance due to increased energy consumption. Recent research suggests that high intensity interval training (HIIT) creates a temporary state of anorexia that delays hunger for a short time after exercise, but this effect is short-term. On the other hand, HIIT plays a role in the changing energy consumption through changes in hunger and appetite signals as well as regulatory peptides at the levels of short to long-term signals in obese individuals. This review article discusses the effectiveness of HIIT in obese people.