ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖزي ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ راش در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ

Comparison of corticolous lichen species with the aim of bioindicators in harvested and control stands in natural beech forests in Nowshahr region

ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪي از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮف در ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖ زي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ در ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( راش در ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎرﺳﻞ 234 ،209 و 241 از ﺑﺨﺶ 2 ﺷﻮراب از ﻃﺮح ﺟﻨﮕﻞداري ﮔﻠﺒﻨﺪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ )اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻗﺎب ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 60×40 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ زي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ درﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ )IV(، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 7 ﺟﻨﺲ و 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه و 15 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 13 ﺟﻨﺲ و 10 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺗﻮده ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮕﯽ Lepraria lobificans ،Opegrapha vulgata ،Pertusaria albescens ،Graphis scripta و Parmotrema perlatum ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﺮف ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي Flavoparmelia caperata ، Lecanora thysanophora و Ramalina thrausta ﻣﻌﺮف ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺣﻀﻮر ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي راش در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﯾﮏ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮف در ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Due to the lack of studies on the effect of forest harvesting on lichen species in Hyrcanian forests, this research aimed to compare the indicator species in harvested and control stands of beech forests. This study was carried out in three parcels 209, 234 and 241 of Shurab section 2 of Golband forestry plan in Nowshahr region (Mazandaran province). Sampling was made from all trees using 40 × 60 cm frames to record lichens type and frequency. The results of this study showed that 8 species of lichen belonging to 7 genera and 5 families were recorded in harvested beech forests while in control forests, 15 lichen species belong to 13 genera and 10 families were recorded. According to the findings of this study, five species of lichen included Graphis scripta, Pertusaria albescens, Opegrapha vulgata, Lepraria lobificans and Parmotrema perlatum in control stands and Lecanora thysanophora, Flavoparmelia caperata and Ramalina thrausta in harvested stands have been introduced as indicator species of beech forests. So, the assessment of human interference in beech forests can be ascertained by examining these species and their presence or absence. In conclusion, it can be stated that the index species differed in both forests, indicating that forest utilization has caused changes in them.