پديد آورندگان :
سعيدي، مژده دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، مازندران، ايران , خلعتبري، جواد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، مازندران، ايران , قربان شيرودي، شهره دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، مازندران، ايران , ابوالقاسمي، شهنام دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، مازندران، ايران
كليدواژه :
درمان شناختي رفتاري , درمان متمركز بر شفقت , احساس تنهايي , زنان در شرف طلاق
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: تنهايي از نگراني‌هاي عمدهٔ رواني‌اجتماعي در زنان به‌ويژه كساني است كه در شرف طلاق و برهم‌خوردن بنيان خانواده قرار دارند. درمان شناختي‌رفتاري و درمان متمركز بر شفقت ازجمله رويكردهايي هستند كه مي‌توانند در اين زمينه به افراد كمك كنند؛ بنابراين پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثربخشي درمان شناختي‌رفتاري و درمان متمركز بر شفقت بر احساس تنهايي زنان در شرف طلاق انجام شد.
روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع مداخله‌اي و پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماري اين پژوهش شامل تمامي زنان در شرف طلاق مراجعه‌كننده به اورژانس اجتماعي شهرستان تنكابن بودند كه از اين جامعه 45 نفر به‌صورت تصادفي انتخاب شده و به گروه آزمايشي و كنترل تقسيم شدند. دو گروه آزمايشي طي هشت جلسهٔ 60دقيقه‌اي تحت درمان شناختي‌رفتاري و درمان متمركز بر شفقت قرار گرفتند و گروه كنترل درماني دريافت نكرد. جهت گردآوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامهٔ احساس تنهايي (UCLA) استفاده شد. براي تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها، آزمون آماري تحليل كوواريانس تك‌متغيري (ANCOVA) به‌كار رفت.
يافته‌ها: تحليل داده‌ها نشان داد كه درمان شناختي‌رفتاري و درمان متمركز بر شفقت به‌طور معناداري بر احساس تنهايي زنان در شرف طلاق اثربخش بوده است (0٫001>p).
نتيجه‌گيري: درمان شناختي‌رفتاري و درمان متمركز بر شفقت مي‌تواند به‌عنوان روشي مؤثر و كارآمد در كاهش احساس تنهايي زنان در شرف طلاق استفاده شود و به آنان در اين زمينه كمك كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Loneliness among the main psychosocial concerns of women, especially those who are in the process of divorcing and family separation. The statistics suggest that one out of every 4 individuals suffers from loneliness. Loneliness affects people with a sense
of emptiness, sorrow, and anxiety. Moreover, it influences various aspects of social interactions, lifestyle, and bio psychological well–being.
Loneliness is generally accompanied by social, behavioral, and emotional harms. Literature suggests that loneliness is a causative factor in the
health and well–being of different populations and has long–term and immediate consequences in mental health. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(CBT) and Compassion–Focused Therapy (CFT) are among the approaches that could help people. The main purpose of CBT is to help group
members to identify and experience their feelings and to perceive how their beliefs and assumptions influence their feelings and behaviors;
accordingly, they could experience alternative substitutes. CFT is among the most influential and prominent theories, rooted in evolutionary
psychology and basic nerve science. It comes from tradition and the cognitive–behavioral model. In CFT, people learn to stop their critique,
blame, and condemnation, and accept the responsibility of their thoughts and feelings. They are trained to be keen to self–reproach. In this regard,
the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of CBT and CFT on loneliness in women on the verge of divorce.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included
all women referring to the social emergency department of Tonekabon City, Iran, who were on the verge of divorce. In total, 45 individuals were
randomly selected and assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (n=15). The experimental groups received CBT and CFT
for 8 consecutive 60–minute sessions; however, the control group received no treatment. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3) was used to
collect the required data. After the end of intervention sessions, all of the study subjects completed this scale again. The obtained data were
analyzed in SPSS, applying one–way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: The ANCOVA results suggested significant differences in loneliness scores between the experimental and control groups. CBT and
CFT significantly affected loneliness in women on the verge of divorce in experimental groups compared to the controls (p<0.001). Accordingly,
the research hypotheses were confirmed.
Conclusion: Cognitive reconstruction is beneficial in understanding and modifying negative thinking. Cognitive reconstruction helps individuals
to stay positive and to alter their thinking positively. Negative thinking, in addition to generating a feeling of discomfort, decreases the quality
of a person's performance and undermines social relationships with other people. CFT could assist an induvial in improving communication with
self and others, and overcome the feelings of loneliness and isolation. Therefore, by persuading their compassion, they can cope with their
destructive tendencies, and emotions, and improve their interpersonal communication and calmness. Therefore, CBT and CFT could be used as effective measures to reduce the sense of loneliness in women on the verge of divorce.
