تاثير آموزش دلبستگي مادر به جنين بر تحمل پريشاني و نشخوار فكري مادران نخست باردار

The Effect of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Training on the Distress Tolerance and Rumination in First Pregnant Mothers

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎرداري ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮدن ﺗﺠـﺎرب ﺑـﺎرداري، ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣـﺎدران آﺳـﯿﺐ و ﭘﺮﯾﺸـﺎﻧﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺎدر ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ﻓﮑﺮي ﻣﺎدران ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎردار ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﯿﻤﻪآزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔـﺮوه ﮔـﻮاه و دوره ﭘﯿﮕﯿـﺮي 45 روزه ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري را ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺎدران ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎردار ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدادﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮ رد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 30 ﻣﺎدر ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎردار داراي داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 25 ﺗﺎ 35 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻏﯿﺮﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺴﺎب ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه ﺟﺎﯾﺪﻫﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ و ﮔﻤﺎرش آﻧﻬﺎ در ﮔـﺮوه ﻫـﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه، ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨـﯿﻦ را ﻃـﯽ ﯾـﮏ ﻣـﺎه در 9 ﺟﻠﺴـﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘـﻪ اي درﯾﺎﻓـﺖ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻮاه اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ را در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮد. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ )ﺳﯿﻤﻮﻧﺰ و ﮔﺎﻫﺮ، 2005( و ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ﻓﮑﺮي )ﻧﻮﻟﻦﻫﻮﮐﺴﻤﺎ و ﻣـﺎرو، 1991( ﺑﻮد. دادهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ آﻣـﻮزش دﻟﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﻣـﺎدر ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﭘﺮﯾﺸـﺎﻧﯽ )0/001

First pregnancy, due to unknown pregnancy experiences, can cause psychological and emotional distress for mothers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal-fetal attachment training to tolerate distress and rumination of first pregnant mothers. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group, and forty-five-day follow-up period design. The statistical population consisted of all the first pregnant mothers in Tehran in 2016. The study sample consisted of 30 first pregnant mothers with an age range between 25 and 35 years. Participants were selected through a non-random sampling method and they were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received nine sessions of ninety-minute comprehensive training of maternal-fetal attachment during one month while the control group did not receive such intervention during the study process. The questionnaires used in this study included Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) and Ruminant Questionnaire (Nolenhoxma and Murrow, 1991). The data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: The results of data analysis showed that training maternal-fetal attachment has significantly influenced distress tolerance (f=153.08, p<0.001) and rumination (f=256.11, p<0.001) in the first pregnant mothers. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that training maternal-fetal attachment by using relaxation and breathing techniques to reduce anxiety and mental imaging training can increase distress tolerance and reduce rumination of first pregnant mothers. Accordingly, training maternal-fetal attachment can be applied as an effective treatment to reduce the distress tolerance and rumination of first pregnant mothers.