تاثير تمرين تركيبي (مقاومتي-استقامتي) كوتاه و بلند مدت بر برخي متغيرهاي ساختاري قلب مردان جوان غير ورزشكار

investigate the effect of short-term and long-term combined resistance (resistance-endurance) on some structural variables of the heart of young non-athletic men

زمينه و هدف بطور كلي تمرينات بدني منظم با چندين سازگاري ساختاري منحصر به فرد همراه است كه در مجموع به آن قلب ورزشكار مي گويند. هدف از انجام تحقيق حاضر تبيين تاثير تمرين تركيبي (مقاومتي-استقامتي) كوتاه و بلند مدت بر برخي متغيرهاي ساختاري قلب مردان جوان غير ورزشكار بود. روش كار براي انجام تحقيق نيمه تجربي حاضر 12 نفر از مردان جوان غير ورزشكار ساوه به صورت داوطلب به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابتدا از آزمودني ها ECO به عمل آمد سپس 4 هفته تمرينات (مقاومتي-استقامتي) را انجام داده و مجددا از آنها ECO به عمل آمده و 4 هفته ديگر برنامه تركيبي را 3 جلسه در هفته و هر جلسه به مدت 45 تا 60 دقيقه انجام دادند. نهايتا از آزمون هاي شپيرو ويلك و تحليل واريانس با اندازه هاي مكرر براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها استفاده شد. يافته ها: تمرين تركيبي (مقاومتي-استقامتي) كوتاه و بلند مدت بر قطر پايان دياستولي بطن چپ (0/398 =p) ، قطر پايان سيستولي بطن چپ (0/48 =p)، قطر آيورت در سطح ريشه AO (0/756 =p) ، قطر عرضي بطن راست (0/997 =p) و ضخامت سپتوم بين بطني (0/759 =p) مردان جوان غير ورزشكار تاثير معني داري ندارد. نتيجه گيري با توجه به يافته هاي تحقيق احتمالا فشار تمرينات در پروتكل تحقيق به اندازه اي نبوده است كه باعث تغييرات ساختاري معني داري در آزمودني ها شود بنابراين پيشنهاد مي شود تحقيقات بيشتري در اين زمينه انجام شود.

Contrary to pathological conditions, structural changes and adaptations in response to regular exercise are a physiological phenomenon. Aerobic activity follows an extrovert hypertrophy pattern by applying a kind of volumetric load on the heart muscle. While the pattern of changes due to resistance or strength exercises occurs due to pressure stress in the form of introverted hypertrophy. However, athletes in many sports between the two ends of the continuum and endurance and resistance exercises, usually inevitably use combined exercises that have both the characteristics of pressure and volume push-ups (4, 5).However, there is much disagreement about the effect of short-term exercise on young non-athletes and its effect on structural and functional changes in the heart, and although not enough information is currently available, research findings show that in Response to regular exercise The cardiovascular system undergoes significant positive changes. In addition to the above, it is important to study the effect of various sports exercises on the structure of the heart (8).However, despite much research on ECG and exercise, resistance exercise and ECG and echocardiography have been studied simultaneously and less in endurance-resistance training, and most research on aerobic exercise, disease, and postoperative recovery has been studied. Cardiac surgery has been performed. Therefore, in this study, structural changes in the heart in response to short-term and long-term endurance-resistance training in young non-athlete men are studied and the question is answered whether short-term and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training Does it affect some structural variables in the heart of young non-athlete men? Methods The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in the field and laboratory with a group of 12 people and 3 experimental stages. For the present study, 12 non-athlete young men aged 20 to 30 years in Saveh were randomly selected as the sample. Then, before starting the training program, the consent of all subjects was obtained to participate in the research. Then, the research variables in the pre-test were measured using an electrocardiograph and the subjects performed a short-term combined training program (resistance-endurance) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, they underwent ECO again and exercises for another 4 weeks. Did their own thing and finally ECO came out of them again.To perform the research protocol, first a maximum repetition of the subjects was calculated, then they warmed up for 10 minutes and performed strength exercises including four movements of foot press, chest press, armpit and leg stretching in such a way that all movements in the arms and legs in The first week was performed with 50% of a maximum repetition in 2 turns with 10 repetitions and with a rest frequency of 1 to 2 minutes between each turn. The intensity of training increased increasingly and reached 80% 1RM in 3 turns with 6 repetitions in the eighth week. After each session of resistance training, the subjects performed endurance training including running with a working intensity of 65% of maximum heart rate on the treadmill for 16 minutes in the first week to 80% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes in the eighth week (11) .Finally, to describe the data from the central indicators, dispersion and drawing of tables, and from Shapir-Wilk tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures by software (SPSS) version 23 at the significant level of p≥0.05 It was used for inferential analysis of data. Results The results of statistical analysis of Khadr research data showed that short and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training on left ventricular end-diastolic end diameter (p = 0.398), left ventricular systolic end diameter (p = 0.480), aortic diameter At the root level of AO (p = 0.756), transverse diameter of right ventricle (p = 0.997) and thickness of interventricular septum (p = 0.759) of young non-athlete men had no significant effect (Table 1). Conclusion The results of the present study show that short and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training has no effect on the left ventricular diastolic end diameter of young non-athlete men, but the effect size of 8 weeks of training is less than 4 weeks of training. Exercise restores the structure of the left ventricle of the heart, which is mediated by many aspects of exercise as well as individual characteristics. Different sports are a combination of compression and volume overloads and there is absolutely no volume and pressure overload in any of the sports activities. There are many factors that can affect left ventricular preload and postload, all of which can affect the size of the left ventricular diastolic end as much as exercise or even more.Increasing the thickness of the posterior walls of the left ventricle indicates an overload of pressure on the heart walls. Repetition of strong contractions during exercise stimulates the necessary ventricular wall hypertrophy and thus increases the thickness of the left ventricular wall. When the heart is exposed to acute exercise conditions, there are changes in heart rate and strength, and when it is exposed to these pressures over a long period of time, there are changes in the size of the heart cavities and the thickness of the ventricular walls. The results of various studies show that these changes may vary depending on the type of exercise, age, sex and body surface area (14).