جريان‌شناسي تشيع در قرن اول: بررسي موردي رويكرد اعتقادي ابن‌عباس و عباسيان به امامت

Shiaism in the first century: a case study of ideological approach of Ibn Abbas an‎d Abbasids towards Imamate

ظهور خالصانهٔ اسلام در ميان عرف جاري جاهليت، با پيروي از امامتِ رسول خدا(ص) رخ داد. اين امامت، پناه و نگهبان حيات و مرجعيت دين مي‌باشد. تشيع با توجه به اصل امامت متكوّن و متنوع شده است؛ لذا مسير شناخت جريانات شيعي در قرن اول، به زمينه و نحوهٔ اعتقاد به امامت باز مي‌گردد. امامت نخستين مسئله‌اي بود كه مسلمانان را به خود مشغول كرد و ابن‌عباس اولين و مؤثرترين شخصيت شيعه از عباسيان است. او را مي‌توان ناظر بر همهٔ حوادث و جريانات ديني و اجتماعي قرن اول به شمار آورد. وي در طول حيات خود و معاصرت با چهار امام، همواره سعي مي‌كند به عنوان يك شيعهٔ تأثيرگذار و فعال، باقي بماند. اما فرزندان وي، ابتدا براي همراهي با شيعيان سياسي و سپس براي كسب قدرت، از تشيع اعتقادي فاصله گرفتند و در آستانهٔ حاكميت، از تشيع تفضيلي حداقلي نيز عدول كردند. آنان با خروج از تشيع و تغيير رويكرد اعتقادي، به تقابل و تخاصم با ائمه و شيعيان پرداختند.

The actual advent of islam in the era of ignorance (prior to Islam) occurred when people accepted and acknowledged the Imamate of the prophet. Imamate was the safeguard and fortress for authorities and followers of Islam. Shiaism evolved and mutated based on the very principle of Imamate. Thus, the yardstick for differentiation between the mainstrem shia movements was their background and beliefs in Imamate principle. Imamate was the very first issue that captured the attention of Muslims. Ibn Abbas was the first and foremost influential Shia figure among the Abbasids. He ranks among the very few ones presiding over all events and ideological streams of the first century. During his lifetime, contemporary to four Imams, he endeavoured to be an influential, active Shia figure. However, His children, stand in sharp contrast to him. First of all, they distanced themselves from Shia beliefs to accompany political version of Shiaism and to usurp power. When they were on the verge of wresting power they seperated themselves further from Shia virtues and turn their backs to themt. They went astray and deteriorated in their ideological viewpoints to the point of opposing Imams later in their lives.